The Diagnosis of <i>Pneumocystis Carinii</i> Pneumonia By Cytologic Evaluation of Papanicolaou and Leishman‐Stained Bronchoalveolar Specimens In Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Tregnago, Rogério; Xavier, Rogério Gastal; Pereira, Rosemary Petrik; Prolla, João Carlos

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.1993.tb00518.x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The BAL was carried out routinely on all patients with clinical suspicion of PCP, and the cytological exam was performed using the standard protocol of the cytology unit, following a method described previously (Tregnago et al 1993). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS Patients

Wissmann¹,

Álvarez-Martínez²,

Meshnick³

et al. 2006

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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Several studies from developed countries have documented the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis failure and mutations in the Pneumocystis jirovecii gene coding for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). DNA was extracted from Giemsa-stained smears of 70 patients with P. jirovecii pneumonia seen in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 1997 to 2004. Successful PCR amplification of the DHPS locus was obtained in 57 of 70 cases (81.4%), including five cases (8.7%) that had used sulfa prophylaxis. No DHPS gene mutations were seen. These results suggest that DHPS mutations are currently as rare in Brazil as in other developing countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS Patients

Wissmann¹,

Álvarez-Martínez²,

Meshnick³

et al. 2006

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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“…C-2). 5,[12][13][14][15][16] When compared with GMS staining, the sensitivity of FACs was 82% and the specificity was 100%. 17 Sampling error and low-yield Pj are sources of FAC-negative Pap slides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of reflex gomori methenamine silver staining forPneumocystis jirovecii on bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic specimens: A review

et al. 2006

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Pneumocystis jiroveci (Pj; formerly Pneumocystis carinii) is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening pneumonia (Pneumocystis pneumonia) in immunosuppressed individuals. Its diagnosis is dependent on identification in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. Gomori's methenamine silver nitrate (GMS) stain has been advocated to highlight the organisms in BAL specimens. This study was performed to determine the utility of reflex GMS staining on all BAL specimens for identifying Pj.All BAL specimens from years 2000 to 2004 were processed as cytospins and stained with Papanicolaou (Pap) and GMS stains. A total of 2,984 BAL specimens were identified. A total of 116 (3.9% of total BAL) BAL specimens were diagnostic of Pj. The diagnostic specimens were grouped as follows: 103 (88.8% of total positive cases) Pj identified with both Pap and GMS staining; 11 (9.5% of total positive cases) Pj identified only with Pap staining; and 2 (1.7% of total positive cases) Pj identified only with GMS staining. In conclusion, the prevalence of Pj in BAL specimens is 3.9%, which can be attributed to improved management of immunocompromised patients. Performing reflex GMS staining on all BAL specimens does not improve the diagnostic identification of Pj since the majority (98.3%) of diagnoses can be rendered on Pap stained slides. A cost analysis for GMS staining on 2,879 GMS-negative BAL specimens was estimated at $143,950. Thus, from diagnostic and cost benefit perspectives, GMS staining can be recommended only on cases where Pap stain is negative, and the clinical presentation is consistent with Pneumocystis pneumonia.

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“…Intensely staining, "double-parenthesislike" structures are present in the interior of many cysts. These forms of P. carinii have thinner walls and vary from ovoid to crescent-shape (10,11,17 (2,3,5,6,8,9). Calcofluor white (CW, Cellufluor, Fluorescent Brightener 28) (4,4'-Bis (4-anilino-6-Lbis (2-hydroxyethel) amino]-s-triazin-2-yl) amino}-2,2-stilbenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt) is the most promising of the newly evaluated stains (10,ll).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory implementation of a rapid three-stain technique for detection of microorganisms from lower respiratory specimens

Maymind

Thomas

Abrons

et al. 1996

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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The Diagnosis of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia By Cytologic Evaluation of Papanicolaou and Leishman‐Stained Bronchoalveolar Specimens In Patients With the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Absence of Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS Patients

Absence of Dihydropteroate Synthase Mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS Patients

Utility of reflex gomori methenamine silver staining forPneumocystis jirovecii on bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic specimens: A review

Laboratory implementation of a rapid three-stain technique for detection of microorganisms from lower respiratory specimens

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