The diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound to determine PiCCO-derived extravascular lung water in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS

Abstract

Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) can detect pulmonary edema and it is under consideration to be added to updated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) criteria. However, it remains uncertain whether different LUS scores can be used to quantify pulmonary edema in patient with ARDS. Objectives This study examined the diagnostic accuracy of four LUS scores with the extravascular lung water index (EVLWi) assessed by transpulmonary thermodilution in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS. Methods In this predefined secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized-controlled trial (InventCOVID), patients were enrolled within 48 hours after intubation and underwent LUS and EVLWi measurement on the first and fourth day after enrolment. EVLWi and ∆EVLWi were used as reference standards. Two 12-region scores (global LUS and LUS–ARDS), an 8-region anterior–lateral score and a 4-region B-line score were used as index tests. Pearson correlation was performed and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC) for severe pulmonary edema (EVLWi > 15 mL/kg) was calculated. Results 26 out of 30 patients (87%) had complete LUS and EVLWi measurements at time point 1 and 24 out of 29 patients (83%) at time point 2. The global LUS (r = 0.54), LUS–ARDS (r = 0.58) and anterior–lateral score (r = 0.54) correlated significantly with EVLWi, while the B-line score did not (r = 0.32). ∆global LUS (r = 0.49) and ∆anterior–lateral LUS (r = 0.52) correlated significantly with ∆EVLWi. AUROCC for EVLWi > 15 ml/kg was 0.73 for the global LUS, 0.79 for the anterior–lateral and 0.85 for the LUS–ARDS score. Conclusions Overall, LUS demonstrated an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detection of pulmonary edema in moderate–to–severe COVID-19 ARDS when compared with PICCO. For identifying patients at risk of severe pulmonary edema, an extended score considering pleural morphology may be of added value. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04794088, registered on 11 March 2021. European Clinical Trials Database number 2020–005447-23.

The utility of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia in the intensive care unit in real life settings

“…Due to these advantages, lung ultrasound has especially been used during the COVID-19 pandemic 6 , allowing the detection of early disease 7 and follow-up of patients 8 , while minimizing the need of transferring patients to the radiology department and, hence, reducing virus transmission. Moreover, in COVID-19 pneumonia, a lung ultrasound score (LUS) was associated with the disease severity, as assessed by chest CT and clinical features 9 , the estimation of extravascular lung water 10 and the aeration following prone position 11 , while it has been shown to enable monitoring of PEEP-induced recruitment in mechanically ventilated patients with ARDS 12 .…”