The Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening Tools to Detect Eating Disorders in Female Athletes

Wagner, Alyssa J; Erickson, Casey D; Tierney, Dayna K.; Houston, Megan N.; Bacon, Cailee E. Welch

doi:10.1123/jsr.2014-0337

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and electrocardiography are sometimes needed to assess possible adverse effects on bone and cardiac health 274. Rating scales that have been validated in athletes, such as the Athletic Milieu Direct Questionnaire version 2, the Brief Eating Disorders in Athletes Questionnaire version 2, and the Physiological Screening Test to Detect Eating Disorders Among Female Athletes, may be used 279. However, research suggests that personal interviews may be superior to rating scales in diagnosing eating disorders in athletes 280.…”

Section: Specific Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders In Elite Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

et al. 2019

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Mental health symptoms and disorders are common among elite athletes, may have sport related manifestations within this population and impair performance. Mental health cannot be separated from physical health, as evidenced by mental health symptoms and disorders increasing the risk of physical injury and delaying subsequent recovery. There are no evidence or consensus based guidelines for diagnosis and management of mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes. Diagnosis must differentiate character traits particular to elite athletes from psychosocial maladaptations.Management strategies should address all contributors to mental health symptoms and consider biopsychosocial factors relevant to athletes to maximise benefit and minimise harm. Management must involve both treatment of affected individual athletes and optimising environments in which all elite athletes train and compete. To advance a more standardised, evidence based approach to mental health symptoms and disorders in elite athletes, an International Olympic Committee Consensus Work Group critically evaluated the current state of science and provided recommendations.

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Section: Specific Mental Health Symptoms and Disorders In Elite Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

et al. 2019

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“…Additional tools including the Athletic Milieu Direct Questionnaire Version 2 and Physiological Screening Test, the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire Version 2, and the Eating Attitudes Test-26; all provide discrimination between athletes with and without EDs. 27 29–32 However, there are several limitations of these tools for EDs, particularly for male athletes, and care should be taken to ensure the tool is appropriate for the athlete. 33 …”

Section: Early Identification Assessment and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport

Wells¹,

Jeacocke

Appaneal³

et al. 2020

Br J Sports Med

121

156

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Identification, evaluation and management of disordered eating (DE) is complex. DE exists along the spectrum from optimised nutrition through to clinical eating disorders (EDs). Individual athletes can move back and forth along the spectrum of eating behaviour at any point in time over their career and within different stages of a training cycle. Athletes are more likely to present with DE than a clinical ED. Overall, there is a higher prevalence of DE and EDs in athletes compared with non-athletes. Additionally, athletes participating in aesthetic, gravitational and weight-class sports are at higher risk of DE and EDs than those in sports without these characteristics. The evaluation and management of DE requires a cohesive team of professional practitioners consisting of, at minimum, a doctor, a sports dietitian and a psychologist, termed within this statement as the core multidisciplinary team. The Australian Institute of Sport and the National Eating Disorders Collaboration have collaborated to provide this position statement, containing guidelines for athletes, coaches, support staff, clinicians and sporting organisations. The guidelines support the prevention and early identification of DE, and promote timely intervention to optimise nutrition for performance in a safe, supported, purposeful and individualised manner. This position statement is a call to action to all involved in sport to be aware of poor self-image and poor body image among athletes. The practical recommendations should guide the clinical management of DE in high performance sport.

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“…Compulsive exercise is measured by the item -"how many times have you exercised in a "driven" or "compulsive" way as a means of controlling your weight, shape or amount of fat or to burn off calories?". The EDE-Q has been used as a potential screening tool for Triad risk [40], and can also identify males with eating disorder symptoms [41].…”

Section: Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (Ede-q)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: questionnaires as measures for low energy availability (LEA) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in athletes

Sim

Burns

2021

J Eat Disord

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Background A sustained mismatch between energy intake and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) can lead to Low Energy Availability (LEA), health and performance impairments characteristic of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). Questionnaires can conveniently identify symptoms and/or LEA/ RED-S risk factors. This study aimed to systematically identify, and critique questionnaires used or developed to measure LEA/ RED-S risk in athletic populations. Methods A systematic search was conducted using PubMed database. Full text articles were included if: (i) the questionnaire(s) in the study identified LEA and/or RED-S risk; (ii) studies developed questionnaires to identify LEA and/or RED-S risk; (iii) participants belonged to athletic population(s); and (iv) in English. Results Thirty-three articles met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed, 13 questionnaires were identified. Eight questionnaires had undergone validation procedures, and three questionnaires included questions related to EEE. The most widely used validated questionnaires were Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) (48% articles) and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) (12% articles). The LEAF-Q determines LEA risk from symptoms but cannot be used in males as nearly half of the items (n = 12) relate to menstrual function. The EDE-Q serves as a surrogate marker of LEA risk in both sexes, as it measures a major risk factor of LEA, disordered eating. Better validation is needed for many questionnaires and more are needed to address LEA/RED-S risk in male athletes. Conclusion These questionnaires may be effective in identifying intentional energy restriction but less valuable in identifying inadvertently failure to increase energy intake with increased EEE.

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The Diagnostic Accuracy of Screening Tools to Detect Eating Disorders in Female Athletes

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee consensus statement (2019)

The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and National Eating Disorders Collaboration (NEDC) position statement on disordered eating in high performance sport

Review: questionnaires as measures for low energy availability (LEA) and relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in athletes

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