The Diagnostic Significance of Serum Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients

Orywal, Karolina; Jelski, Wojciech; Werel, Tadeusz; Szmitkowski, Maciej

doi:10.21873/anticanres.11906

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The role of ALDH as a potential marker for CSCs has been discussed in depth by previous reviews of the literature [20, 66–69]. ALDH br cells with tumor-initiating ability have been identified in many types of tissues including breast [47, 60, 61, 70–74], liver [75], colon [59, 76, 77], lung [78, 79], prostate [65, 80, 81], pancreas [62–64, 82], ovary [83], esophagus [84], stomach [85, 86], bone [87], brain [88], skin [89], and bone marrow [90–92]. Particularly instructive are comparative data on ALDH br and ALDH dim subsets within a whole tumor cell population showing that ALDH br cells are more clonogenic and tumorigenic than ALDH dim cells are [93].…”

Section: Aldh As a Marker Of Cancer Stem-like Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells

Vassalli

2019

Stem Cells International

249

194

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Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a superfamily of enzymes that detoxify a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes and are required for the biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) and other molecular regulators of cellular function. Over the past decade, high ALDH activity has been increasingly used as a selectable marker for normal cell populations enriched in stem and progenitor cells, as well as for cell populations from cancer tissues enriched in tumor-initiating stem-like cells. Mounting evidence suggests that ALDH not only may be used as a marker for stem cells but also may well regulate cellular functions related to self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation. ALDH exerts its functional actions partly through RA biosynthesis, as all-trans RA reverses the functional effects of pharmacological inhibition or genetic suppression of ALDH activity in many cell types in vitro. There is substantial evidence to suggest that the role of ALDH as a stem cell marker comes down to the specific isoform(s) expressed in a particular tissue. Much emphasis has been placed on the ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 members of the ALDH1 family of cytosolic enzymes required for RA biosynthesis. ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 regulate cellular function in both normal stem cells and tumor-initiating stem-like cells, promoting tumor growth and resistance to drugs and radiation. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which ALDH regulates cellular function will likely open new avenues in many fields, especially in tissue regeneration and oncology.

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Section: Aldh As a Marker Of Cancer Stem-like Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells

Vassalli

2019

Stem Cells International

249

194

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“…Esophageal cancer, for instance, has a higher prevalence in populations with a common mutation in ADH [17]. It has been found that the total serum ADH activity was significantly higher in patients with PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) compared to healthy subjects; however, the serum ALDH activity was considerably lower [18]. Interestingly, the same study could not detect substantial differences in ADH and ALDH activity between cancer and BPH groups.…”

Section: The Metabolic Role Of Alcohol In Pcamentioning

confidence: 90%

Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions

Macke

Petrosyan

2022

Biomolecules

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It has been a long-standing debate in the research and medical societies whether alcohol consumption is linked to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many comprehensive studies from different geographical areas and nationalities have shown that moderate and heavy drinking is positively correlated with the development of PCa. Nevertheless, some observations could not confirm that such a correlation exists; some even suggest that wine consumption could prevent or slow prostate tumor growth. Here, we have rigorously analyzed the evidence both for and against the role of alcohol in PCa development. We found that many of the epidemiological studies did not consider other, potentially critical, factors, including diet (especially, low intake of fish, vegetables and linoleic acid, and excessive use of red meat), smoking, family history of PCa, low physical activity, history of high sexual activities especially with early age of first intercourse, and sexually transmitted infections. In addition, discrepancies between observations come from selectivity criteria for control groups, questionnaires about the type and dosage of alcohol, and misreported alcohol consumption. The lifetime history of alcohol consumption is critical given that a prostate tumor is typically slow-growing; however, many epidemiological observations that show no association monitored only current or relatively recent drinking status. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that high alcohol intake, especially binge drinking, is associated with increased risk for PCa, and this effect is not limited to any type of beverage. Alcohol consumption is also directly linked to PCa lethality as it may accelerate the growth of prostate tumors and significantly shorten the time for the progression to metastatic PCa. Thus, we recommend immediately quitting alcohol for patients diagnosed with PCa. We discuss the features of alcohol metabolism in the prostate tissue and the damaging effect of ethanol metabolites on intracellular organization and trafficking. In addition, we review the impact of alcohol consumption on prostate-specific antigen level and the risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lastly, we highlight the known mechanisms of alcohol interference in prostate carcinogenesis and the possible side effects of alcohol during androgen deprivation therapy.

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“…The canonical view of ADH's role in cancer focuses on the accumulation of ADH's oxidative product, acetaldehydes and thus the association with ingested alcohol. 12,15,[21][22][23][24] Contrary to the acetaldehyde model, recent studies investigating interactions between alcohol ingestion, ADH polymorphisms, and cancer risk indicate that suppressed ADH function is associated with cancer. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] It is suggested that less ADH activity either by expression or gene variant within the tissue is associated with cytotoxicity and a proinflammatory phenotype consistent with cancer progression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14] By contrast, there is inconsistent epidemiological evidence supporting a link between alcohol consumption and PCa. [15][16][17][18] Most studies are primarily conducted in Caucasian populations and do not demonstrate a significant association between alcohol ingestion and PCa risk. However, a study stratified by race demonstrated a statistically significant association between alcohol intake and risk for PCa in African American men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 This study was initiated to determine the relative expression of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in normal human prostate tissue, BPH, and PCa. Unlike other studies 15 that investigate the association of serum levels of ADH to PCa, our study investigates in situ transcription and protein expression of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsy samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol dehydrogenase expression patterns in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma in African American and Caucasian men

et al. 2022

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Background In situ metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) contributes to oxidative damage of cells and DNA and has been linked to carcinogenesis in numerous epithelial tissues. The goal of this study was to determine expression patterns of ADH1 and ADH7 isozymes in normal, hyperplastic (benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH]) and neoplastic (prostate cancer [PCa]) prostate. Furthermore, racial differences in ADH expression between African Americans and Caucasians were investigated. Methods ADH expression patterns were characterized by density analysis of ADH immunohistochemistry (n = 21) and real‐time RT‐PCR of total RNAs by laser‐capture microdissection (n = 10) and whole tissue formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded prostate biopsies (n = 63). Results ADH protein is found in normal prostate and is primarily associated with glandular epithelium. Transcripts of ADH1B are suppressed in PCa compared to BPH (p = 0.0095). Racial differences in ADH7 transcripts exist between African American and Caucasian men. A total of 57.6% of biopsies from African American prostates have detectable ADH7 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts compared to the 13.3% of Caucasian prostate biopsies with detectable transcripts (p = 0.0005). This increased frequency of detection contributes to higher mean ADH7 mRNA transcript levels in African Americans (p = 0.001). Conclusions To our knowledge this study is the first to report downregulation of ADH1B in neoplastic prostate at the transcriptional level, suggesting protective regulatory functions. ADH7 transcripts were not detectable in all samples and was found in higher frequency and amount in our African American samples. Racial differences in ADH7 within the prostate is a novel finding and should be investigated further.

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The Diagnostic Significance of Serum Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients

Abstract: The results suggest a potential role of ADH III activity as a parameter included in the panel of markers for PCa.

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Not Just Markers, but Functional Regulators of Stem Cells

Alcohol and Prostate Cancer: Time to Draw Conclusions

Alcohol dehydrogenase expression patterns in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatic adenocarcinoma in African American and Caucasian men

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