“…For the effect of TDDB, we need to include two additional parameters for each transistor within a gate, namely, R G2S (gate-to-source resistance), and R G2D (gate-to-drain resistance), because the gate-oxide breakdown paths can happen from gate-to-drain or from gate-to-source [19][20][21][22]. In , plus six global parameters ( ∆ VDD , ∆ T , R pi , C pi1 , C pi2 , Slope ), resulting in a total of (4*N + 6) parameters for each cell.…”