The Diel and Seasonal Heterogeneity of Carbonate Chemistry and Dissolved Oxygen in Three Types of Macroalgal Habitats

Li, Huiru; Moon, Hanbi; Kang, Eun Ju; Kim, Ja‐Myung; Kim, Miok; Lee, Kitack; Kwak, Cheol-Woo; Kim, Haryun; Kim, Il-Nam; Park, Ki Yeol; Lee, Young Kweon; Jin, Ji Woong; Edwards, Matthew S.; Kim, Ju-Hyoung

doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.857153

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Macroalgae are subject to seasonal differences in productivity and photosynthetic rates, like many other plant species, related to temperature preferences, irradiance, and nutrient availability (Takahashi et al, 2002;Attard et al, 2019;Kapsenberg and Cyronak, 2019). This means that their provision as OA refuges may vary with seasonal differences in productivity (Li et al, 2022). Studies have found that in most regions macroalgal productivity is typically higher in summer and spring months.…”

Section: Temporal Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes

Edworthy¹,

Steyn²,

James³

2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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Ocean acidification (OA) refers to a global decline in the average pH of seawater driven by the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Marine macroalgae, while affected by this pH change, are also able to modify seawater pH through their own interaction with inorganic carbon in the carbonate system. Through this action, macroalgae-dominated habitats are potential refugia from OA for associated marine species. This review summarises the most prominent literature on the role of macroalgae in OA mitigation and the potential of macroalgal habitats to serve as OA refugia. It includes a brief overview of macroalgal distribution in an effort to illustrate where such refugia might be most prevalent. Macroalgae influence seawater carbonate chemistry through the absorption of CO2 and HCO3− during photosynthesis, raising surrounding seawater pH in the process. This transient effect on seawater chemistry could provide some respite from the negative effects of OA for many marine species. This refuge role varies over a range of scales along with macroalgal architecture, which varies in size from low-growing turfs to large canopy-forming stands. The associated pH changes can range over various temporal (daily and seasonal) and spatial (from centimetre to kilometre) scales. Areas of high macroalgal biomass are likely to play an important role as significant OA refugia. Such communities are distributed widely throughout the globe. Large brown macroalgae (Laminariales) dominated communities are common in temperate regions, while members of the Fucales are responsible for substantial macroalgal stands in warmer tropical regions. These marine fields and forests have great potential to serve as localised refuges from OA. While more work needs to be done to clarify the effect of macroalgal communities on seawater pH on a large scale, such refuge areas could become important considerations for the management of marine resources and in protected area selection.

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Section: Temporal Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes

Edworthy¹,

Steyn²,

James³

2023

Camb. prisms Coast. futures

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“…Some studies comparing seawater chemistry inside vs. outside of kelp forests demonstrate consistently higher pH and DO inside than outside kelp forests 18 , while others show temporally variable effects 19 or no differences 10,14 . Much of the research on the effects of kelp forests on seawater chemistry has focused on Macrocystis forests (but see 9,19,20 ). There is a clear need for further study to understand the key driver(s) of this variability, across a range kelp species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of natural kelp forests in modifying seawater chemistry

Strain,

Swearer,

Ambler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Climate change is causing widespread impacts on seawater pH through ocean acidification (OA). Kelp forests, in some locations can buffer the effects of OA through photosynthesis. However, the factors influencing this variation remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we conducted a literature review and field deployments of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) loggers within four habitats: intact kelp forest, moderate kelp cover, sparse kelp cover and barrens at one site in Port Phillip Bay, a wind-wave dominated coastal embayment in Victoria, Australia. Additionally, a wave logger was placed directly in front of the intact kelp forest and barrens habitats. Most studies reported that kelp increased seawater pH and DO during the day, compared to controls without kelp. This effect was more pronounced in densely populated forests, particularly in shallow, sheltered conditions. Our field study was broadly consistent with these observations, with intact kelp habitat having higher seawater pH than habitats with less kelp or barrens and higher seawater DO compared to barrens, particularly in the afternoon and during calmer wave conditions. Although kelp forests can provide local refuges to biota from OA, the benefits are variable through time and may be reduced by declines in kelp density and increased wave exposure.

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“…In contrast to the factors controlling carbonate dynamics in the open ocean, various processes (e.g., wind-driven upwelling, freshwater input, eutrophication, massive biological production and respiration) complicate the dynamics in coastal environments (Borges, 2011;Cai et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2020;Li et al, 2022). A study using a global C database showed that the latitudinal distributions and seasonality of global coastal surface pCO 2 are regulated by nonthermal factors (i.e., water mixing and net primary production) (Laruelle et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors governing seawater carbonate dynamics in a macroalgal habitat

Kim

Lee²,

Han³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Photosynthetic organisms shift the dynamics of surface pCO2 driven by the sea surface temperature change (thermodynamic driver) by assimilating inorganic C from seawater. Here we measured net C uptake in a macroalgal habitat of coastal Korea for two years (2019-2020) and found that the macroalgal habitat contributed 5.8 g C m−2 month−1 of the net C uptake during the growing period (the cooling period, September−May). This massive C uptake changed the thermodynamics-driven seasonal dynamics such that the air−sea equilibrium of pCO2 was pushed into disequilibrium. The surface pCO2 dynamics during the cooling period was mostly influenced by the seasonal decrease in temperature and the proliferation of macroalgae, while the dynamics during the warming period (the stagnant period, June−August) closely followed that predicted based solely on the change in sea surface temperature (thermodynamic driver). In contrast to the phytoplankton-dominated off-shore waters (where phytoplankton populations are large in spring and summer), the impact of coastal macroalgae on surface pCO2 dynamics was most pronounced during the cooling period, when the magnitude of pCO2 change was as much as twice that resulting from temperature change. Our study shows that the distinctive features of the macroalgal habitat—in particular the seasonal temperature extremes (~18°C difference), the active macroalgal metabolism, and anthropogenic nutrient inputs—collectively influenced the seasonal decoupling of seawater and air pCO2 dynamics.

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The Diel and Seasonal Heterogeneity of Carbonate Chemistry and Dissolved Oxygen in Three Types of Macroalgal Habitats

Cited by 7 publications

References 79 publications

The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes

The role of macroalgal habitats as ocean acidification refugia within coastal seascapes

Assessing the role of natural kelp forests in modifying seawater chemistry

Factors governing seawater carbonate dynamics in a macroalgal habitat

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