The dielectric response of water in high electric fields: equilibrium water thickness and the field distribution

Scovell, Dawn L.; Pinkerton, Tim D.; Finlayson, Bruce A.; Stuve, Eric M.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00875-6

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The difference of the effective contact area can affect the electric field strength and distribution between the probe tip and the sample surface. Numerical simulation has revealed that the electric field can be weakened by the thin water layer at low humidity, while being enhanced by the thick water layer at high humidity with the same applied bias [ 28 , 36 ]. This may explain why the amplitude increased with increasing relative humidities from one aspect.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative humidity affected not only the PFM imaging process, but also influenced the characterization of the polarization switching properties through the adsorption of molecular water and ambient charge species [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 29 , 36 ]. Hence, the effects of relative humidity on the ferroelectric switching behavior of PZN-9%PT single crystal were investigated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This water layer can influence the switching behavior in two aspects. One is that this water layer changes the electric field strength and distribution [ 20 , 29 , 36 ], and the other is that this water layer affects the sample surface screening properties of ferroelectric materials through the adsorption of charge carriers [ 21 , 27 ]. Since the electric field was weakened at a low relative humidity, while enhanced at high relative humidity [ 28 , 36 ], that is why the coercive bias decreased with the relative humidity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humidity Effects on Domain Structure and Polarization Switching of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PZN-x%PT) Single Crystals

Wang

Zeng

2021

Materials

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The effect of relative humidity on the domain structure imaging and polarization switching process of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PZN-x%PT) ferroelectric single crystals has been investigated by means of the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and piezoresponse force spectroscopy (PFS) techniques. It was found that the PFM amplitude increases with the relative humidity, and that the ferroelectric hysteresis loops at different relative humidity levels show that the coercive bias decreases with the increase in relative humidity. These observed phenomena are attributed to the existence of the water layer between the probe tip and the sample surface in a humid atmosphere, which could affect the effect of the electric field distribution and screening properties at the ferroelectric sample surface. These results provide a better understanding of the water adsorption phenomena at the nanoscale in regard to the fundamental understanding of ferroelectrics’ properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Humidity Effects on Domain Structure and Polarization Switching of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PZN-x%PT) Single Crystals

Wang

Zeng

2021

Materials

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“…However, the formation of the oxide film on the sample surface during the anodization process and the intense electric field will modify the geometry of the water meniscus with time. 30 One can speculate that the radius of the water meniscus will increase by the formation of the oxide that should be hydrophilic in comparison with the carbonaceous film.…”

Section: The Water Meniscus At the Tip-surface Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic force microscope based patterning of carbonaceous masks for selective area growth on semiconductor surfaces

Avramescu

Ueta

Uesugi

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Physics

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Carbonaceous masks for selective growth on GaAs substrates were fabricated with high resolution by anodization with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Mask deposition is made by a 15-kV accelerated electron-beam irradiation in a scanning electron microscope. The local anodization of the carbonaceous film under intense electric field is investigated and the main factors for improving resolution and reproducibility are discussed. The “edge effect” of the anodized region, revealed in the electric-field distribution at the tip–water–film interfaces is identified as the main factor responsible for the resolution degradation during patterning. Short forward bias pulse for anodizing the carbonaceous film and the subsequent reverse bias pulse for neutralizing the space charge, locally accumulated during the forward bias, are shown to be effective for the higher pattern resolution and also for deepening the patterning depth. Based on the analysis, a modulated-amplitude pulsed bias mode is proposed and is demonstrated to bring a significant improvement in the resolution and the aspect ratio of patterns made by the anodization. Carbonaceous masks ready for selective area growth of semiconductors alloys were fabricated with the pattern resolution of ∼26 nm, limited by the curvature of AFM cantilever tips.

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“…In such thick layers the dielectric property of water will screen the applied electric field such that the actual field will be a function of tip potential, the thickness of the water layer, and the position within the layer. The variation of electric field within the water layer was examined in a previous study that showed that the electric field is concentrated at one or both interfaces of the system. For thin water layers the field is concentrated at the water−vacuum interface, whereas for thick water layers the field is concentrated, and even amplified, at the tip−water interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Field Effects in Ionization of Water−Ice Layers on Platinum

et al. 1999

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Field ionization of water−ice adsorbed onto a platinum field emitter tip of radius 350 Å was studied as a function of temperature over the range of temperature 80−145 K and of water layer thickness 100−3000 Å. The water adlayer was grown under field-free conditions by exposure to water vapor in ultrahigh vacuum. Field ionization was probed by ramped field desorption (RFD), in which desorption of ionic species (hydrated protons) is measured while increasing the applied electric field linearly in time. The dependence of the field required for onset of ionization as a function temperature and thickness is presented and discussed. In the limit of thin water layers, the onset field of ionization decreased from 0.6 to 0.3 V/Å with temperature increasing from 80 to 145 K. An activation barrier of 0.75 eV for ionization of water to produce hydrated protons and hydroxide ions was estimated from the temperature dependence of the onset field. The onset field increased with water layer thickness, and a break point in the slope of onset field versus thickness was interpreted as a transition in the ionization location from the water−vacuum interface to the tip−water interface. The relevance of these experiments in simulating electrode−electrolyte interfaces is discussed.

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The dielectric response of water in high electric fields: equilibrium water thickness and the field distribution

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Humidity Effects on Domain Structure and Polarization Switching of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PZN-x%PT) Single Crystals

Humidity Effects on Domain Structure and Polarization Switching of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-x%PbTiO3 (PZN-x%PT) Single Crystals

Atomic force microscope based patterning of carbonaceous masks for selective area growth on semiconductor surfaces

Electric Field Effects in Ionization of Water−Ice Layers on Platinum

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