The Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment (DEXA) Cluster: A Systematic Approach to Diesel Particulate Emission Control in Europe

Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review

“…The DC sensor manufactured by Matter Engineering includes an electrostatic precipitator designed such that the attachment probability appears to be the same as for neutral molecules in the output signal. The signal therefore is proportional to the active surface as shown by Konstandopoulos et al (2004). It yields essentially the same information as the Epiphaniometer, is much faster and simpler, but significantly less sensitive.…”

Update on the Science and Technology of Diesel Particulate Filters

“…Primary particle diameters are found to lie in the range of 8 to 40 nm 8,9,11) . The composition and morphology of diesel soot particles in the raw exhaust is ver y important, as this is the aerosol that challenges the DPF.…”

“…Specific strategies that focus on a combination of boost pressure, EGR rate increase, and fuel injection modification have therefore been implemented by engine manufacturers 4,11) . In some cases 83) , the exhaust temperature is (in addition to engine measures) raised by exhaustpor t fuel injection in front of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).…”

“…This has now become standard practice 60) . PGM-based CDPFs do not have a strong direct soot oxidation activity 11) and their operation depends on the balance between NO2 and soot in the exhaust. It has nevertheless become clear from these developments that a noble metal such as Pt could have a beneficial role if used in conjunction with a direct soot oxidation catalyst, since Pt can also deliver "active oxygen" to the soot-catalyst interface in addition to oxidizing NO into NO2.…”

“…More recently 21,22) , we have measured soot size distributions from the exhaust of 5 turbo-charged, directinjection diesel engines (model years 1997-2003) with displacements in the 1.9-2.4L range and advanced fuel-injection systems (3 common-rail, one pump unit injector, and one rotar y-pump-based fuel-injection system). Particles were measured employing a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and a Long Path Multi-wavelength Extinction (LPME) analyser as described in 11) , and the obtained size distributions are plotted in Fig. 2, in HM coordinates.…”