The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s

Griffin, J. C.; Margraf, F. Joseph

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00367.x

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Dietary changes have been documented in striped bass, suggesting a shift from historically preferred pelagic sources to benthic sources (Hartman & Brandt 1995, Griffin & Margraf 2003, Pruell et al 2003, Walter et al 2003. Concurrently, populations of principal prey items for age 2+ striped bass Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, and spot Leiostomas xanthurus have declined (Uphoff 2003, MDNR unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nutritional state on the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Jacobs¹,

Rhodes²,

Baya³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Challenge studies with Mycobacterium marinum clearly demonstrate that a poor diet affects the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis. Fish (n = 512 total, wt = 65 ± 15 g) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 4 colony-forming units (CFU) g -1 body weigth (BW) or a physiological saline solution (controls) and evaluated for 8 mo. Inoculated fish fed a low-ration diet (0.15% BW d -1 ) developed a severe, systemic infection characterized by a high bacterial load (>10 8 CFU g -1 spleen) and poor granuloma formation, which commonly progressed to mortality by 6 wk. In contrast, inoculated fish fed an adequate ration diet (1% BW d -1 ) developed classic granulomatous inflammation of reduced severity and total body energy similar to that found in uninoculated controls (p > 0.05). After 4 wk, fish fed adequate rations maintained an equilibrium state throughout the study period, even though 10 6 CFU g -1 spleen mycobacteria were consistently cultured. In a second study, reactivation of an acute inflammatory state was demonstrated by placing previously infected fish on reducing diets (0.073% BW d -1). In both studies, the energetic demand of this disease was only appreciable when associated with active, severe, inflammatory states. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the interaction of diet and mycobacteriosis in fish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nutritional state on the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Jacobs¹,

Rhodes²,

Baya³

et al. 2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…The NWACS model suggested a strong coupling of Striped Bass dynamics to Atlantic Menhaden. The Striped Bass is often a focal species of concern in discussions of the Atlantic Menhaden's ecosystem service of provisioning for predators, and numerous studies have focused on the interaction of these two species (Walter and Austin 2001;Griffin and Margraf 2003;Pruell et al 2003;Overton et al 2015). The large dietary reliance of Striped Bass on Atlantic Menhaden favors the possibility of strong interactions and supports the possibility of Striped Bass sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Ecosystem‐Based Reference Points for Atlantic Menhaden

2017

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Implementation of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) for forage fish requires methods to evaluate tradeoffs associated with competing management objectives that focus on supporting fishery yields or providing food for predators. We developed an Ecopath with Ecosim ecosystem model of the U.S. Northwest Atlantic continental shelf (NWACS) for the period 1982–2013 to inform an EAFM for Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus. The model (with 61 trophic groups and 8 fishing fleets) was parameterized and fitted to time series using data from stock assessments, surveys, and literature. Fifty‐year simulations evaluated how Atlantic Menhaden fishing mortality rates (F) influenced different ecosystem indicators, including population biomasses, fishery yields, prey‐to‐predator ratios, and the proportion of trophic groups that were positively or negatively affected. We quantified tradeoffs associated with a range of alternative ecosystem‐based reference points for Atlantic Menhaden F and biomass (B), including F for maximum sustainable yield (FMSY), 0.5FMSY, proxies for current single‐species F reference points, 75% of virgin unfished biomass (B0), and 40%B0. Striped Bass Morone saxatilis were most sensitive to increases in Atlantic Menhaden fishing, largely due to their strong dietary reliance on this prey species, but other higher‐trophic‐level groups (birds, highly migratory species, sharks, and marine mammals) were also negatively impacted. Other commercially important predators of Atlantic Menhaden (e.g., Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix and Weakfish Cynoscion regalis) had moderate to negligible responses at the highest levels of Atlantic Menhaden F. The alternative reference points considered resulted in (1) variable Atlantic Menhaden biomasses (40–75% of B0) and yields (54–100% of MSY), (2) up to a 60% decline in Striped Bass B and yield, (3) negative impacts on the B of ≤13% of modeled groups, and (4) positive impacts on the B of ≤6% of modeled groups. Simulations demonstrated the varied responses, potential winners and losers, and tradeoffs resulting from alternative management strategies for Atlantic Menhaden. These results and the NWACS model can help to advance an EAFM for Atlantic Menhaden and other fishes.

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“…Theories were suggested linking decline in condition to reduction in forage base or pathogens. Diets have changed in some localities since the 1950s (Griffin & Margraf 2003; Walter et al. 2003), and while many Chesapeake Bay fish are infected with Mycobacteria, it is still not known how or if these factors are linked.…”

Section: Where Are We At Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations in Chesapeake Bay are also experiencing poor body condition and high infection rates of mycobacteria and associated skin lesions (Overton, May, Margraf, Weedon & Pieper 2003). Coincident with these changes in fish health were changes in the diets of striped bass (Griffin & Margraf 2003; Pruell, Taplin & Cicchelli 2003; Walter et al. 2003) suggesting that either the food base has changed or that striped bass has altered the food web through top–down effects (Hartman 2003; Uphoff 2003).…”

Section: Where Are We At Now?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coincident with the recovery of the striped bass population was a decrease in predatory pressure on prey species. Feeding studies showed striped bass to prey on other economically or ecologically important species, such as Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe), spot, Leiostomus xanthurus (Lacépède), Atlantic croaker, Micropogonias undulatus (L.), alosids or river herring, such as blueback herring, Alosa aestivalis (Mitchill), alewife, A. pseudoharengus (Wilson), and American shad, A. sapidissima Wilson (Hartman & Brandt 1995a; Griffin & Margraf 2003; Walter, Overton, Ferry & Mather 2003). This increased predatory demand by striped bass may have occurred at the expense of some of these other species (Hartman & Brandt 1995b; Uphoff 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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US Atlantic coast striped bass: issues with a recovered population

Hartman

Margraf

2003

Fisheries Management Eco

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Striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), is an anadromous species naturally occurring along the US Atlantic coast, which historically supported valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. In response to a near order‐of‐magnitude decline in landings, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission enacted a management plan in 1981 protecting fish until they could spawn at least once. By 1989, recruitment increased in natal rivers and regulations were relaxed, permitting limited fisheries by 1990. By 1995, the stock was declared fully recovered. Since the recovery, concern has increased over the health of the stocks. In the 1990s, fish in poor physical condition with dermal lesions became common in Chesapeake Bay. Pathogens of most concern in cultures from fish include the genus Mycobacterium. Coincident with declines in fish health were changes in diets, declines of preferred prey, and reduced growth and condition. Theories were suggested linking declines in condition to reductions in forage base or pathogens. Diets have changed since the 1950s and while many Chesapeake fish are infected with mycobacteria, it is still not known how or if these factors are linked. The highest priorities for research were considered to be: linking numerous local and regional studies to provide a coast‐wide perspective; continuation of investigations linking population health to the prey‐base; determination of the cause‐effect of mycobacteria infections; and formulation of management options.

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The diet of Chesapeake Bay striped bass in the late 1950s

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of nutritional state on the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Influence of nutritional state on the progression and severity of mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilis

Evaluating Ecosystem‐Based Reference Points for Atlantic Menhaden

US Atlantic coast striped bass: issues with a recovered population

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