The diet of the brown bear<i>Ursus arctos</i>in the Pasvik Valley, northeastern Norway

Persson, Inga-Lill; Wikan, Steinar; Swenson, Jon E.; Mysterud, Iver

doi:10.2981/wlb.2001.006

Cited by 79 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…This supports previous findings that the majority of autumn fat reserves come from carbohydrates from berries (Welch et al 1997). We found that berries constituted 68% of the estimated dietary energy content in autumn, which was intermediate between the 49% reported from northeastern Norway, ca 1100 km north-northeast of our study area (Persson et al 2001) and the 80-81% documented from Jämtland, Sweden, ca 300 km northwest of our study area (Dahle et al 1998).…”

Section: Use Of Berries According To Their Occurrence During Hyperphagiasupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the European boreal forest ecosystems, brown bears commonly consume vegetable matter, insects, and ungulates, with the importance of vertebrate meat increasing with latitude (Vulla et al 2009). Studies of brown bear diet, based on scat studies or foraging sign, have been conducted in four areas of Scandinavia, (Haglund 1966, Elgmork and Kaasa 1992, Dahle et al 1998, Swenson et al 1999, Persson et al 2001), but have not described the annual variation in diet or food resources.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Dahle et al 1998, Swenson et al 1999, Persson et al 2001). In addition, brown bears frequently utilize bait and slaughter remains at dump sites (Steyaert et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Predation on Moose Calves by European Brown Bears

et al. 2007

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: In North America, brown bears (Ursus arctos) can be a significant predator on moose (Alces alces) calves. Our study in Sweden is the first in which brown bears are the only predator on moose calves. Bears and moose occurred at densities of about 30/1,000 km2 and 920/1,000 km2, respectively, and bears killed about 26% of the calves. Ninety‐two percent of the predation took place when calves were <1 month old. Bear predation was probably additive to other natural mortality, which was about 10% in areas both with and without bears. Females that lost their calves in spring produced more calves the following year (1.54 calves/F) than females that kept their calves (1.11 calves/F), which reduced the net loss of calves due to predation to about 22%.

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Section: Use Of Berries According To Their Occurrence During Hyperphagiasupporting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

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Predation on Moose Calves by European Brown Bears

et al. 2007

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“…The sizeable presence of herbaceous plants in the early summer of 1978, and from spring to early summer of 1998-2000, corroborates earlier studies of Hokkaido brown bears (Aoi 1985;Ohdachi and Aoi 1987;Yamanaka and Aoi 1988;Sato 2002) and those of other regions of the world (Cicnjak et al 1987;Mattson et al 1991;Clevenger et al 1992;Elgmork and Kaasa 1992;McLellan and Hovey 1995;Persson et al 2001).…”

Section: Comparison Of Dietssupporting

confidence: 77%

Temporal changes in the population density and diet of brown bears in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Sato

Aoi

Kaji³

et al. 2004

Mammal Study

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Abstract. In eastern Hokkaido, Japan, occurrences of human-brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) conflict have increased during the last decade. Locals speculate that these conflicts have been caused by an increase in the bear population and/or changes in bear ecology, although no evidence is available to support either hypothesis. We compared scat densities and the diets of bears for the years 1978 and 1998-2000 in Urahoro, eastern Hokkaido. The scat density in 2000 tended to be lower than in 1978, suggesting that bear density has not increased over the last two decades. In 1978, herbaceous plants were the dominant early and late summer foods of bears. Berries, including Rubus spp. and Actinidia kolomicta, were dominant late summer foods. In contrast, sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) meat appeared frequently in bear scats in all seasons in 1998-2000, at a much higher percentage than in 1978. Crops, including sugar beet and corn, also increased in early and late summer. These results suggest that the diet of bears has changed over the last two decades, and that bears have become more dependent on deer and on crops. We conclude that the increase in humanbear conflicts is not because of an increase in the bear population, but because of the increased dependence of bears on deer and crops as food sources.

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“…The diet of grizzly bears has been studied for over two decades in many areas in North America and Europe, and is known to comprise seasonally abundant, nutrient-rich food (Hamer et al 1991;Craighead et al 1995;Dahle et al 1998;Persson et al 2001;Nielsen et al 2003;Munro et al 2006). Generally, their diet is highly diverse both temporally and spatially, as is the case for most habitat generalists or omnivores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using digital time-lapse cameras to monitor species-specific understorey and overstorey phenology in support of wildlife habitat assessment

Bater

Coops

Wulder

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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Critical to habitat management is the understanding of not only the location of animal food resources, but also the timing of their availability. Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) diets, for example, shift seasonally as different vegetation species enter key phenological phases. In this paper, we describe the use of a network of seven ground-based digital camera systems to monitor understorey and overstorey vegetation within species-specific regions of interest. Established across an elevation gradient in western Alberta, Canada, the cameras collected true-colour (RGB) images daily from 13 April 2009 to 27 October 2009. Fourth-order polynomials were fit to an RGB-derived index, which was then compared to field-based observations of phenological phases. Using linear regression to statistically relate the camera and field data, results indicated that 61% (r 2 = 0.61, df = 1, F = 14.3, p = 0.0043) of the variance observed in the field phenological phase data is captured by the cameras for the start of the growing season and 72% (r 2 = 0.72, df = 1, F = 23.09, p = 0.0009) of the variance in length of growing season. Based on the linear regression models, the mean absolute differences in residuals between predicted and observed start of growing season and length of growing season were 4 and 6 days, respectively. This work extends upon previous research by demonstrating that specific understorey and overstorey species can be targeted for phenological monitoring in a forested environment, using readily available digital camera technology and RGB-based vegetation indices.

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The diet of the brown bearUrsus arctosin the Pasvik Valley, northeastern Norway

Cited by 79 publications

References 22 publications

Predation on Moose Calves by European Brown Bears

Predation on Moose Calves by European Brown Bears

Temporal changes in the population density and diet of brown bears in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

Using digital time-lapse cameras to monitor species-specific understorey and overstorey phenology in support of wildlife habitat assessment

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