The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) Provides an Effective Tool for Cross-National Comparison of Diet Quality as Illustrated by China and the United States

Kim, Soo-Won; Haines, Pamela S.; Siega‐Riz, Anna Maria; Popkin, Barry M.

doi:10.1093/jn/133.11.3476

Cited by 437 publications

(519 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The associations seen with past food habit change and energy misreporting highlight the importance of excluding these individuals from analysis when investigating associations with disease endpoints. Overall, the results of our study are consistent with the findings of previous studies using other indices in other populations (15,(56)(57)(58) , as well as with other Swedish studies on dietary habits and nutritional status (33,36) .…”

Section: Mensupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Drake

Gullberg

Ericson

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To develop a diet quality index (DQI) that assesses adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations (SNR) and the Swedish dietary guidelines (SDG). Design: A cross-sectional study within the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. A diet history method collected dietary data, a structured questionnaire lifestyle and socio-economic information, and anthropometric data were collected by direct measurements. The index (DQI-SNR) included six components: SFA, PUFA, fish and shellfish, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables, and sucrose. Setting: Malmö, Sweden. Subjects: Men (n 4525) and women (n 8491) of the MDC cohort enrolled from September 1994 to October 1996. Results: For participants with high DQI-SNR scores, nutrient and food intakes were close to recommendations. However, most of the study population exceeded the recommended intake for SFA (98 %) and few reached recommended intakes for dietary fibre (24 %), fruit and vegetables (32 %), vitamin D (18 %) and folate (2 %). A high DQI-SNR score was positively associated with age, physical activity, not smoking, past food habit change, education and socio-economic status. Individuals with high scores were more likely to have a diabetes diagnosis or experienced a cardiovascular event. Conclusions: Results suggest that the DQI-SNR is a useful tool for assessing adherence to the SNR 2005 and the SDG in the MDC cohort. No index has previously been developed with the aim of evaluating adherence to the current dietary recommendations in Sweden. Further validation of the DQI-SNR, and evaluation of its utility, is needed.

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Section: Mensupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Drake

Gullberg

Ericson

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Several international diet quality scores exist, some of which were widely used (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) . However, their application to the present study has limitations as they do not take into account special characteristics of the Finnish diet, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of diet and food choices of Finnish young men: a sociodemographic and health behaviour approach

Bingham

Jallinoja

Lahti-Koski

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Eating habits of Finns have improved dramatically in 40 years. The proportion of fat in the diet has decreased and vegetable and fruit consumption increased. Knowledge of Finnish young men's dietary habits is limited. The aim was to assess food choices and quality of diet among young men and to analyse how background and health behaviour factors explain it. Design: In 2007, data on eating habits, sociodemographic background factors and health behaviours of 17-21-year-old men (n 2905) entering military service were collected by self-administrated questionnaire. Two indexes -core food index (CFI) and extra food index (EFI) -were formed to describe daily and redundant snacking-type eating, respectively. Associations of background factors and health behaviours on the indexes were analysed by general linear modelling. Results: In all, 13 % consumed fruits and berries daily and 8 % consumed vegetables, whereas 24 % consumed pizza and 19 % consumed hamburgers more than once a week. CFI increased with educational level (P , 0?001) and was explained by background and health behaviour (smoking, physical activity and eating breakfast). EFI was inversely associated with BMI (P , 0?001) and explained by health behaviour: (smoking, physical activity, drinking beer and eating breakfast). Conclusions: These results indicate that in early adulthood, eating habits cluster with other health behaviours among men. In this age group, education is associated with core food but not with extra food eating habits. Furthermore, seasonal variation is seen in both types of eating. When promoting healthy eating, a distinction between core foods and extra foods by using feasible indexes will be helpful in targeting the efforts. Keywords Food choices Health behaviourQuality of diet Young men Eating habits at the population level have changed dramatically in Finland since the early 1970s. Intakes of total and saturated fats were high compared to other European countries (1,2) . In 40 years, the proportion of total fat has decreased from 38 % (2) to 33 % (1,3) and that of saturated fat from 21 % to 13 % (3) . High-fat milk and butter have largely been replaced by skimmed milk and margarine. Simultaneously, vegetable and fruit consumption has increased substantially (1,3,4) , but does not reach the national nutrition recommendations (5) .In the 1980s, the proportion of fat was still high (39-41 %) and consumption of potato, vegetables, cereals and milk products abundant among 18-year-old Finnish men (6,7) . After a 21-years' follow-up among these men, the overall proportion of fat was 36 % and the consumption of vegetables and fruit was higher than in youth (8) .These findings reflect positive changes in the prime everyday i.e. core diet. Despite these improvements, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased especially in young adults and adolescents in Finland (9) . Among 18-year-old boys, the prevalence of overweight (BMI . 25 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI . 30 kg/m 2 ) increased 2? 5-fold in 1977-1999 (10) .One poss...

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“…For the Hong Kong population, it was defined as the ratio of variety of snacks to the variety of grains and meat (Sea et al, 2004). In addition, the quality of the diet was also examined by applying the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) (Kim et al, 2003), which has been used to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet (Tur et al, 2005). Essentially, four major aspects of the diet are assessed: variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance, each with subcomponents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dietary pattern on the development of overweight in a Chinese population

Woo

Cheung

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To examine dietary factors predisposing to overweight and obesity, taking into account age, gender, education level and physical activity. Design: Longitudinal population study. Setting: Community living subjects in Hong Kong. Subjects: One thousand and ten Chinese subjects participating in a territory wide dietary and cardiovascular risk factor prevalence survey in 1995-1996 were followed up for 5-9 years. Measurements: Body mass index (BMI) was measured. Information was collected on factors predisposing to development of overweight and obesity (age, gender, education level, physical activity, macronutrient intake, Mediterranean diet score and food variety), and the predisposing dietary factors examined, adjusted for other confounding factors, using logistic regression. Results: The 5-9-year incidence of overweight is 22.6% (BMI X23 kg/m 2 , 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 15.0-30.1%) or 11.5% (BMI X25 kg/m 2 , 95% CI ¼ 7.3-15.7%), and for obesity (BMI X30 kg/m 2 ) is 0.6% (95% CI ¼ À0.2-1.4%). The corresponding figures for women were 14.1% (95% CI ¼ 8.8-19.5%), 9.7% (95% CI ¼ 6.0-13.4%) and 3% (95% CI ¼ 1.3-4.8%). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, education and physical activity), increased variety of snack consumption was associated with increased risk of developing overweight (BMI X23 kg/m 2 ) in the Hong Kong Chinese population over a 5-9-year period. Conclusion: Increased variety of snack consumption may predispose to weight gain over a 5-9-year period.

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The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) Provides an Effective Tool for Cross-National Comparison of Diet Quality as Illustrated by China and the United States

Cited by 437 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Development of a diet quality index assessing adherence to the Swedish nutrition recommendations and dietary guidelines in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort

Quality of diet and food choices of Finnish young men: a sociodemographic and health behaviour approach

Influence of dietary pattern on the development of overweight in a Chinese population

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