The Difference Characteristicsof Collagen from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Bone, Skin, and Scales

Abstract

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the main commodities of freshwater fish in Indonesia. Mostly, tilapia is exported in the form of fillets which produce residual processing including bobe, skin, and scales which can reach 50 to 70% of the total weight of fish. The aimed of this study was to extract and characterize collagen from bone, skin, and scales of tilapia. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) by treating the different types of collagen raw materials, namely bone, skin, and scales of tilapia. The results showed that the type of raw material affected the yield, water content, color, and pH (p<0.05). The collagen yield in this study was 0.53% (bone), 0.63% (scales) and 0.94% (skin). The small amount of amendment was caused by the concentration of acetic acid being too low. the smallest water content in tilapia fish collagen 2.17%; the best brightness of collagen in fish bones 76.91%; the value of the largest degree of white on fish scales 75.95%; pH content close to neutral fish collagen scales 6.49; Morphological results of collagen produced using SEM, the presence of pores seen in the collagen of tilapia fish due to the space between the collagen fibers while. Collagen from the skin and scales has the same morphology, which is shaped in small squares and smooth surface without pores

Effect Collagen Concentration Tilapia Scales on the Quality of Burn Ointment

“…Based on research [19] in the preparation of skin moisturizing gel, the higher the addition of collagen concentration which is formulated to give a yellowish color. This is in accordance with the opinion of [14] collagen from tilapia scales has a low brightness. Tilapia fish scale collagen has a yellowish white color and low brightness.…”

“…This corresponds to [13] showed that the addition of collagen with different concentrations had a significant effect on the pH value of water-based ointments. The decrease in the pH value of the ointment is thought to be due to the process of making collagen using an acid solution (CH3COOH) so that it produces collagen which tends to be acidic [14]. The higher the concentration of collagen addition, the lower the pH level of the ointment.…”

Review Article: Fish Bone Collagen

“…Based on Romadhon's research [2], collagen in tilapia fish bones has a pH value that is not much different from the research of Sembiring et al [24]. These results are lower than the collagen quality requirements of SNI 8076: 2014, namely 6.5 -8, but slightly higher than the collagen pH of several collagen brands for cosmetics reported by Peng et al [25], which ranges from 3.8 to 4.7.…”

“…Collagen morphology can be displayed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on Romadhon's research [2] using SEM with a magnification of 3000x, it can be seen that the collagen from tilapia fish bones is shaped like a sheet with a slight porous surface, while the collagen from the skin and scales of tilapia has the same morphology, which is in the form of small boxes and a smooth surface without pore. Arumugam et al [13] also conducted morphological observations with SEM at 500x magnification of fish collagen where collagen looks like fiber.…”

“…Fish collagen is considered to be an alternative to collagen from bovines and pigs which is commonly used in industrial applications. According to Romadhon [2] Muslims and Jews are not allowed to use pig raw materials, while Hindus are not allowed to use bovine raw materials. Muralidharan et al [3] stated that the main difference between collagen from fish and collagen from other animals is its high biological value, high content of essential amino acids, and low content of hydroxyproline.…”