2003
DOI: 10.1080/1350176032000085360
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The "difference engine': constructing and representing the international identity of the European Union

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Cited by 114 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…I have not discussed the source of European identity, but for the time being let us assume those authors who see it founded on civic sources are right (e.g. Waever 1998;Schimmelfennig 2001;Manners and Whitman 2003). This means that the EU occupies the lower-right area of our table.…”
Section: Identitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…I have not discussed the source of European identity, but for the time being let us assume those authors who see it founded on civic sources are right (e.g. Waever 1998;Schimmelfennig 2001;Manners and Whitman 2003). This means that the EU occupies the lower-right area of our table.…”
Section: Identitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The EU support for a positive 'sustainable development' agenda in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been described as 'ambitious' (see Bretherton and Vogler, 2000). This is a norm that differentiates it from other global actors (Manners and Whitman, 2003).…”
Section: The Eu As a Normative Powermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Jolyon Howorth, « The CESDP and the Forging of a European Security Culture », Politique européenne, cité, p. 88-108. ou à la menace d'emploi de la force 9 , le « soft power » de l'Union européenne n'en est pas moins musclé 10 . La militarisation de la PESD en témoigne, qui suscite de fortes tensions entre les États membres qui ont tendance à recourir systématiquement à l'action militaire et ceux qui tiennent à privilégier le volet civil 11 . La guerre en Irak a conduit les plus réticents parmi ces derniers (la Suède, la Finlande) à réviser leurs positions en faveur du volet militaire.…”
Section: Une Culture Stratégique Européenneunclassified