“…From the 1950s onwards, the character of council housing gradually began to change, from a tenure for middle-income groups (Report of Enquiry into Household Expenditure 1953-4, Tables 40-44) to a tenure of last resort, that is for those who, by reason of low income, age, or household type, are excluded from owner-occupation (Malpass, 1983). The causes of this changing character have been explored elsewhere (Forrest and M urie, 1983, Somerville and Knowles, 1991. One important effect of it.…”