The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies

Lewis, Melanie J.; Wagner, Bettina; Woof, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.06.158

Cited by 113 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Primers used in the construction of the FgBP/M5 recombinant proteins are listed in Table 1. Recombinant eqIgG subclasses were produced and purified as previously described (Lewis et al, 2008b).…”

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confidence: 99%

Localization of the equine IgG-binding domain in the fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

et al. 2009

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Fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP, also termed SeM) is a cell-wall-associated anti-phagocytic M-like protein of the equine pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and binds fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG. FgBP binds Fg avidly through residues located at the extreme N terminus of the molecule, whereas the IgG-binding site is more centrally located between the A and B repeats. FgBP binds equine IgG4 and IgG7 subclasses through interaction with the CH2–CH3 interdomain region of IgG-Fc, and possesses overlapping Fc-binding sites with protein A and protein G. In this study, FgBP truncates containing defined internal deletions were used to identify a stretch of 14 aa (residues 335–348) critical for IgG binding. Protein chimeras consisting of the non-IgG-binding α-helical coiled-coil M5 protein fused to FgBP sequences were used to identify a minimal equine IgG-binding domain consisting of residues 329–360. Competition ELISA tests suggested that IgG does not compromise Fg binding and vice versa.

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Localization of the equine IgG-binding domain in the fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

et al. 2009

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“…Vaccinated animals showed high levels of IgGb (IgG4 and IgG7) in the serum, but not IgGa (IgG1), IgGc (IgG6) and IgG (T) (IgG3 and IgG5), while convalescent animals showed a high level of all isotypes (Sheoran et al, 1997, Lewis et al, 2008. Therefore, analysis of the data suggests that the difference in the isotype present in infected animals might be responsible for the OD difference observed when compared to vaccinated animals.…”

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Cloning, expression and characterization of SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and evaluation of its use as antigen in an indirect ELISA

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et al. 2014

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Strangles is an economically important horse disease caused by Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. The diagnosis can be confirmed either directly by bacterial isolation and PCR or by ELISA, which is an indirect method based on the detection of serum antibodies. The aim of this study was to clone, express and characterize the SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, evaluate its use as antigen in indirect ELISA and determine its performance to distinguish sera of negative, vaccinated and positive animals. This was initially performed by cloning the gene encoding the SeM protein and its expression in Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the protein produced was characterized and used as antigen in ELISA. Serum samples for evaluation were taken from 40 negative foals, 46 horses vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against strangles and 46 horses diagnosed with the disease. The test showed high specificity and sensitivity, allowing discrimination between negative and positive, positive and vaccinated animals, and vaccinated animals and negative sera. Thus, it was concluded that the protein produced rSeM, which can be used as antigen for disease diagnosis, and the described ELISA might be helpful to evaluate the immune status of the herd.

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“…While IgGb is likely a Th2-type antibody subtype in equids [45], it is also the most prevalent antibody isotype in equine serum and is potentially involved in protection against other types of pathogens as well [44]. Thus, while changes in IgGb titers may in part reflect seasonal Figure 3 Illustrated relationships A) between rainfall and other variables for pairwise seasonal comparisons, B) for pathogen GEE models, and C) for immunity GEE models.…”

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Gastrointestinal helminths may affect host susceptibility to anthrax through seasonal immune trade-offs

et al. 2014

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Background: Most vertebrates experience coinfections, and many pathogen-pathogen interactions occur indirectly through the host immune system. These interactions are particularly strong in mixed micro-macroparasite infections because of immunomodulatory effects of helminth parasites. While these trade-offs have been examined extensively in laboratory animals, few studies have examined them in natural systems. Additionally, many wildlife pathogens fluctuate seasonally, at least partly due to seasonal host immune changes. We therefore examined seasonality of immune resource allocation, pathogen abundance and exposure, and interactions between infections and immunity in plains zebra (Equus quagga) in Etosha National Park (ENP), Namibia, a system with strongly seasonal patterns of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infection intensity and concurrent anthrax outbreaks. Both pathogens are environmentally transmitted, and helminth seasonality is driven by environmental pressures on free living life stages. The reasons behind anthrax seasonality are currently not understood, though anthrax is less likely directly driven by environmental factors. Results: We measured a complex, interacting set of variables and found evidence that GI helminth infection intensities, eosinophil counts, IgE and IgGb antibody titers, and possibly IL-4 cytokine signaling were increased in wetter seasons, and that ectoparasite infestations and possibly IFN-γ cytokine signaling were increased in drier seasons. Monocyte counts and anti-anthrax antibody titers were negatively associated with wet season eosinophilia, and monocytes were negatively correlated with IgGb and IgE titers. Taken together, this supports the hypothesis that ENP wet seasons are characterized by immune resource allocation toward Th-2 type responses, while Th1-type immunity may prevail in drier seasons, and that hosts may experience Th1-Th2 trade-offs. We found evidence that this Th2-type resource allocation is likely driven by GI parasite infections, and that these trade-offs may render hosts less capable of concurrently mounting effective Th1-type immune responses against anthrax. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to examine laboratory-demonstrated Th1-Th2 trade-offs in a natural system. It provides evidence that seasonally bound pathogens may affect, through immunology, transmission dynamics of pathogens that might otherwise not be seasonally distributed. It suggests that, by manipulating the internal host ecosystem, GI parasites may influence the external ecosystem by affecting the dynamics of another environmentally transmitted pathogen.

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The different effector function capabilities of the seven equine IgG subclasses have implications for vaccine strategies

Cited by 113 publications

References 43 publications

Localization of the equine IgG-binding domain in the fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

Localization of the equine IgG-binding domain in the fibrinogen-binding protein (FgBP) of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

Cloning, expression and characterization of SeM protein of Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and evaluation of its use as antigen in an indirect ELISA

Gastrointestinal helminths may affect host susceptibility to anthrax through seasonal immune trade-offs

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