The different impacts of COVID-19 on the mental health of distinct health care worker categories

Abstract

The present study sought to explore the factors associated with the odds of having probable depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to traumatic COVID-19 experiences and their impact on health care workers in distinct categories. In this cross-sectional study, 1843 health care workers (nurses, nurse technicians, physicians, physical therapists, and other healthcare workers) were recruited via convenience sampling. A survey was administered to obtain information regarding sociodemographic, occupational, and mental health status. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for the analyses. Being a nurse technician was associated with an odds ratio of 1.76 for probable PTSD. No relation was observed between health care worker categories and the odds of probable depression. Additionally, being female and not receiving adequate PPE were related to greater odds of having probable PTSD and depression.

The prevalence and risk factors of PTSD symptoms among nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Based on the sample overall proportion, nurses accounted for the majority of participants, and therefore, it was determined these papers could be kept for the risk factor analysis. The main risk factor for presenting PTSD was having a concomitant prior mental health disorder (such as depression and anxiety) (Alonso et al., 2021; Asnakew et al., 2021; Bahadirli & Sagaltici, 2021; Blanco‐Daza et al., 2022; Chatzittofis et al., 2021; Fournier et al., 2022; Greenberg et al., 2021; Hickling & Barnett, 2022; Kader et al., 2021; Lowry et al., 2023; Mao et al., 2022; Ranieri et al., 2021; Wanigasooriya et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2022), being a female (Alonso et al., 2021; Ayalew et al., 2022; Fournier et al., 2022; Gu et al., 2022; Lowry et al., 2023; Machado et al., 2023; Marcomini et al., 2021; Martínez‐Caballero et al., 2021; Mehta et al., 2022; Renzi et al., 2023; Yin et al., 2020), having high exposure or direct contact with COVID‐19 patients/being a frontline worker (Cousin Cabrolier et al., 2023; Gonzalez Mendez et al., 2022; Guillen‐Burgos et al., 2022; Sagherian et al., 2022; Yin et al., 2020), having insufficient protective conditions or feeling at risk during the professional practice (Asnakew et al., 2021; Cousin Cabrolier et al., 2023; Flateau et al., 2021; Havaei et al., 2021; Leng et al., 2021; Mehta et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2020), having intensive workload or working with 24‐hour shifts (Bahadirli & Sagaltici, 2021; Gonzalez Mendez et al., 2022; Leng et al., 2021; Meena et al., 2022; Sagherian et al., 2022, 2023; Yang et al., 2021) and working as ICU/Isolation unit/sub‐intensive COVID‐19 ward nurse (Azoulay et al., 2021; Leng et al., 2021; Li et al., …”

“…The main risk factor for presenting PTSD was having a concomitant prior mental health disorder (such as depression and anxiety) (Alonso et al, 2021;Asnakew et al, 2021;Bahadirli & Sagaltici, 2021;Blanco-Daza et al, 2022;Chatzittofis et al, 2021;Fournier et al, 2022;Greenberg et al, 2021;Hickling & Barnett, 2022;Kader et al, 2021;Lowry et al, 2023;Mao et al, 2022;Ranieri et al, 2021;Wanigasooriya et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2022), being a female (Alonso et al, 2021;Ayalew et al, 2022;Fournier et al, 2022;Gu et al, 2022;Lowry et al, 2023;Machado et al, 2023;Marcomini et al, 2021;Martínez-Caballero et al, 2021;Mehta et al, 2022;Renzi et al, 2023;Yin et al, 2020), having high exposure or direct contact with COVID-19 patients/being a frontline worker (Cousin Cabrolier et al, 2023;Gonzalez Mendez et al, 2022;Guillen-Burgos et al, 2022;Sagherian et al, 2022;Yin et al, 2020), having insufficient protective conditions or feeling at risk during the professional practice (Asnakew et al, 2021;Cousin Cabrolier et al, 2023;Flateau et al, 2021;Havaei et al, 2021;Leng et al, 2021;Mehta et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2020), having intensive workload ...…”

Prevalence of psychological and mental health symptoms among nursing professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the Americas: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…In the analysis of the abstracts, 202 studies were excluded, leaving 57 studies in the sample. In addition, another six articles retrieved from the references of the studies included were added for analysis, totaling a sample of 62 articles (Appel et al., 2021; Arnetz et al., 2020; Bitencourt et al., 2021; Blanchard et al., 2022; Brown et al., 2023; Burstyn & Holt, 2022; Chapa‐Koloffon et al., 2021; Cohen et al., 2022; Côté et al., 2022; Crowe et al., 2022; Cruz et al., 2021; Cuccia et al., 2022; Dal'Bosco et al., 2020; De las Salas et al., 2021; Drager et al., 2022; El Gindi et al., 2022; Estes et al., 2021; Feingold et al., 2021; Freitas et al., 2021; Freitas et al., 2022; Guillen‐Burgos, Gomez‐Ureche, Acosta, et al., 2022; Guillen‐Burgos, Gomez‐Ureche, Renowitzky, et al., 2022; Gutierrez et al., 2022; Guttormson et al., 2022; Havaei, Ma, et al., 2021; Havaei, Smith, et al., 2021; Hendrickson et al., 2022; Hernandez et al., 2021; Hickling & Barnett, 2022; Ingle, 2021; Kim et al., 2021; Kovner et al., 2021; Machado et al., 2022; Magalhães et al., 2021; Martínez et al., 2020; Martínez‐Ponce et al., 2023; Melnyk et al., 2022; Mensinger et al., 2022; Merkle et al., 2022; Montoya et al., 2021; Obando et al., 2020; Oliveira et al., 2022; Pazmiño et al., 2021; Pico et al., 2021; Prasad et al., 2020; Prasad et al., 2021; Real‐Ramírez et al., 2020; Robba et al., 2022; Robles et al., 2020; Rodriguez et al., 2021; Ruiz et al., 2021; Sagherian et al.,…”

The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare workers

“…Female sex, young age, a lack of adequate personal protective equipment, and a prior history of mental illness were consistent predictors of PTSD symptoms. In particular, nurse specialists had a higher probability of developing PTSD than other healthcare professionals 5 .…”