Ti doping of MgAl 2 O 4 crystals is investigated using a theoretical thermodynamic approach. A number of types of Ti-doped MgAl 2 O 4 are produced by combining possible Ti oxidation states (Ti 2+ , Ti 3+ , Ti 4+ ), doping sites (Al and Mg sites), and additional point defects (antisites, vacancies). Crystal models containing each doping type are prepared, and by treating them as independent phases, phase diagrams of the Mg-Al-Ti-O system are simulated based on first-principles. This enables study of stable doping types as functions of synthesis conditions and chemical compositions. In air or H 2 conditions, only the Ti ୪ • + Mg ୪ ᇱ type is stable on the phase diagram, whereas Ti ୪ × and Ti ୪ • + Mg ୪ ᇱ appears to be stable in strongly reducing CO/CO 2 atmosphere at high temperatures. A quantitative analysis model is established for calculating the fractions of certain doping types based on considerations of formation energy and mixing entropy, and the proportions of doping types are calculated. Changes in Ti 3+ : Ti 4+ ratio are simulated, and the effects of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, Mg/Al ratio, and surface are examined. The results obtained show good agreement with XPS results and photoluminescence measurements. The study provides a guide to the design and property tuning of Tidoped MgAl 2 O 4 phosphors for LED-applications.