The Differential Effect of Control vs Loss of Control over Food Acquisition on Disk-Pull Responses Elicited by Inescapable Shocks

Sonoda, Akihito; Hirai, Hisashi

doi:10.1006/lmot.1993.1003

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Because the controllability component of the experiment was carried out in the infants' homecages using conventional operant manipulanda and yet the coping responses were expressed in a novel environment lacking those or similar manipulanda, the results may indeed reflect a generalized mastery effect like that proposed by Rotter (1966) and Bandura. If so, it appears that the master infants' homecage experiences with controllability were sufficiently similar to their individual novel environment experiences to warrant generalization of mastery effects, yet different enough not to invoke a ''frustration'' response as seen in animals during the extinction phase of operant procedures (e.g., Lyons, Fong, Schreiken, & Levine, 2000) or motivational parallels to the learning deficits produced by a ''loss of control'' (e.g., Sonoda & Hirai, 1993). The salivary cortisol data are significant because they offer a glimpse at a possible physiological mechanism underlying the relatively adaptive responses to novelty seen in the master infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

2006

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The effects of appetitive controllability on behavioral and cortisol reactivity to novelty in 12 infant rhesus monkeys were studied. Surrogate-peer-reared infants had homecage access to food treats contingently via lever pressing ("master") or noncontingently ("yoked") for 12 weeks from postnatal month 2. Masters lever-pressed more, but did not differ in baseline cortisol. At month 5, infants were exposed to a novel environment in social groups and individually. Masters were significantly more active and exhibited significantly lower cortisol reactivity to the novel environment, but only in the individual context. Also, individual differences in operant behavior were positively correlated with behavioral activity and negatively correlated with cortisol reactivity to the novel environment. The results reveal context-specific benefits of contingent stimulation in infancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

2006

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“…1986; Sonoda et al. 1991; Sonoda & Hirai 1993). However, it would appear that this test situation may not have induced the high levels of stress and fear inherent in the uncontrollable shock paradigms, which are thought to be responsible for the downstream motivational and cognitive effects (Peterson et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Previous Experience Over Control of Access to Food and Light on the Level of Frustration‐Induced Aggression in the Domestic Hen

et al. 2004

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Animals have been shown to respond to frustration with increased aggression and activity. Aversive environmental conditions are also known to affect reaction to frustrating events. One pertinent and aversive environmental factor that has been shown to affect aggression is exposure to uncontrollable rewards and punishments. Although used largely in experimental contexts, this situation is similar to that found in modern intensive farming systems, where environmental and social conditions are largely controlled. The aim of this experiment was to determine if previous experience of lack of control influences the expression of aggression and frustration in domestic hens (Gallus gallus). The two treatment groups of hens used had previously been exposed to control (C) or lack of control (LC) over access to food and light, additional to a restricted regime, continuously for 9 wk. Dominantsubordinate pairs of birds were tested under water deprivation. After training, the pairs were tested for two rotations of 4:3 d of free access to the water followed by a thwarting trial. Dominant birds showed significantly more aggression in thwarting trials compared with non-thwarting trials. While there was no main effect of treatment on the aggression shown during non-thwarting trials, an interaction between treatment and trial type (thwarting and non-thwarting) indicated that the LC group showed a smaller rise in aggression from non-thwarting to thwarting trials than the C birds did. However, there was a great deal of variation shown between birds in the amount of aggression. As the home pen conditions were set up to model those found in commercial practice, this possibility that a lack of control leads to some degree of learned helplessness in intensively farmed animals needs to be considered further as it has serious negative implications for animal welfare.

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“…As in other countries, learned helplessness effect is more popular than the irrelevance effects among Japanese researchers. A series of rat studies have been conducted by psychologists of Sophia University (Okayasu, 1987, 1989; Sonoda, 1990, 1996; Sonoda, Okayasu, & Hirai, 1991; Sonoda & Hirai, 1992, 1993a, 1993b; Sonoda, Hirai, & Okayasu, 1992). They have successfully demonstrated learned helplessness in cross‐outcome transfer designs.…”

Section: Associative Retardation: Learned Irrelevance and Helplessnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative learning in animals: A selective review of recent topics and contribution of Japanese researchers¹

Nakajima

2004

Jpn Psychol Res

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This article addressed several important topics in the field of associative learning in nonhuman animals: event contingency, associative retardation (learned helplessness and irrelevance), occasion setting, renewal of extinguished responses, acquired equivalence and distinctiveness, differential outcome effect, and retrospective inference. These topics have been studied with Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning preparations as behavioral test tubes for assessing animals' cognitive abilities. The empiric data are suggesting highly cognitive abilities of animals in event processing. This article also reviewed studies conducted by Japanese psychologists taking the modern associationists approach. Although activities of Japanese researchers in this field of research are high, they are required to make a more unique contribution to the field.

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The Differential Effect of Control vs Loss of Control over Food Acquisition on Disk-Pull Responses Elicited by Inescapable Shocks

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

The Effect of Previous Experience Over Control of Access to Food and Light on the Level of Frustration‐Induced Aggression in the Domestic Hen

Associative learning in animals: A selective review of recent topics and contribution of Japanese researchers¹

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The Differential Effect of Control vs Loss of Control over Food Acquisition on Disk-Pull Responses Elicited by Inescapable Shocks

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

Environmental Control, Social Context, and Individual Differences in Behavioral and Cortisol Responses to Novelty in Infant Rhesus Monkeys

The Effect of Previous Experience Over Control of Access to Food and Light on the Level of Frustration‐Induced Aggression in the Domestic Hen

Associative learning in animals: A selective review of recent topics and contribution of Japanese researchers1

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Associative learning in animals: A selective review of recent topics and contribution of Japanese researchers¹