The Differential Growth of Virulent and Avirulent Strains of Rinderpest Virus in Bovine Lymphocytes and Macrophages

Abstract

SUMMARYRinderpest virus (RV) grew readily in cultures of purified bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes and udder macrophages. The growth of three strains of RV was compared and there appeared to be a relationship between increasing virulence and increased ability to infect lymphocytes and macrophages. The proportion of infected cells as determined by the presence of virus antigens was a better indicator of affinity between a strain and cell type than production of new infectious virus. RV grew better in populations of predominantly T lymphocytes than in T-depleted cultures. Although RV could infect 100~ of cells in macrophage monolayers, it did not appear to infect more than about 30~o of ceils in lymphocyte cultures. Virulent RV grew more readily in bovine than caprine or ovine lymphocytes, whereas virulent peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) grew better in lymphocytes from sheep and goats. There was no marked difference in the growth of either virus in lymphocytes from uninfected or recently convalescent animals. INTRODUCTIONIt is well established that there are different strains of rinderpest virus (RV) which vary in their virulence for cattle and other susceptible species but are indistinguishable by other

Rinderpest virus infection of bovine peripheral blood monocytes

“…It is unclear how these reports relate to events in the natural infection or after vaccination, when mononuclear cells would not all be polyclonally activated or transformed by a parasite. Rossiter & Wardley (1985) did show, with unstimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures, that < 5 % of the cells could be infected with the cell culture-adapted RPV, and between 5 and 10 % with a virulent RPV. Our initial observations also demonstrated that in unstimulated PBMC, only a small proportion of the cells could be infected.…”

“…Both microscopic and subsequent flow cytometry studies have pointed to the infected cells being monocytes or macrophages; whilst < 5 % of cells within a lymphocytic cell gate were positive for infection, the majority of cells within a monocytic cell gate were infected. Rossiter & Wardley (1985) reported that RPV can infect udder macrophages, but it was not clear which leukocyte populations were present, nor the degree of activation/stimulation. The presence of macrophages can also influence the proliferation of lymphocytes (Outteridge & Lee, 1981) and it has been shown that multiplication of RPV in lymphocytes is dependent on cell growth (Rossiter et al, 1993).…”

“…Previously it has been reported that mitogenstimulated bovine tymphoblasts and continuously growing lines of bovine lymphoblasts were susceptible to RPV infection (Rossiter & Wardley, 1985;Rossiter et al, 1988). Bovine cell lines which have been transformed by the protozoan parasite Theileria parva and shown to have B cell, CD4 +, CD8 +, o~/fl T cell or 7/J T cell phenotypes can also support the replication of the vaccine strain of RPV (Rossiter et al, 1993).…”

Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection of Small Ruminants: A Comprehensive Review

“…During in vitro replication of RPV and PPRV in lymphocytes, it has been observed that virulent RPV grows more readily in bovine than in caprine or ovine lymphocytes, whereas virulent PPRV grows better in lymphocytes from sheep and goats [208]. This characteristic feature might explain the difference in susceptibility/resistance of cattle and small ruminants vis-a-vis RPV and PPRV [15,209].…”

Phagocytosis and ingestion of influenza virus by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vitro: Electronmicroscopy studies

“…Rowson and Mahy, 1985;Rossiter and Wardley, 1985;Cardosa et al, 1986;Domke-Opitz et al, 1986;Koenig et al, 1986). On the other hand, studies on the role of PMNL in virus infection are very few.…”