The differential impact of adverse childhood experiences in the development of pre-diabetes in a longitudinal cohort of US adults

Campbell, Jennifer A.; Mendez, Carlos E.; Garacci, Emma; Walker, Rebekah J.; Wagner, N.; Egede, Leonard E.

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.09.006

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Several studies have focused on the association of ACEs with the onset of diabetes, including prediabetes and insulin resistance . In the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, having experienced 4 or more ACEs was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.5).…”

Section: Health Consequences Of Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

et al. 2021

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xposure to adversity early in life has been linked to negative long-term health outcomes. The consequences in late life of these adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include different forms of abuse, household dysfunction, and neglect, are now recognized. 1,2 ACEs have been traditionally related to an increased risk of psychological disturbances and substance use disorders. 3 The landmark Adverse Childhood Experiences study, authored by Felitti and colleagues 2 20 years ago, was the first study to propose that ACEs are also associated with the development of chronic physical conditions in adulthood, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since then, multiple studies have shown that traumatic events in childhood are associated with an increased likelihood of developing risk factors for CVD (eg, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes) as well as CVD during the lifetime. 4 Interventions that mitigate the negative consequences of ACEs or prevent their initial onset may reduce the incidence of CVD. This narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding the association of ACEs with CVD and discusses possible pathophysiological mechanisms along with management approaches. ACE DefinitionACEs encapsulate a broad spectrum of traumatic and distressing events that threaten a child's physical, familial, or social safety and security before the age of 18 years. 4 These events may include direct mistreatment and neglect, exposure to household dysfunction, physical or sexual abuse, or violence. There are several methods of assessing ACEs. The initial Adverse Childhood Experiences study 2 introduced a 10-category ACE questionnaire to identify abuse, household dysfunction, or neglect up to age 18 years that is still used in its original and expanded versions. 5 Recently, additional factors, such as bullying, economic hardship, and loss of or severe disease in close persons, have also been recognized as ACEs (Table ). 6 ACEs tend to occur in clusters, such that individuals who experience at least 1 ACE are more likely to experience others, putting them at an even higher risk of poor future health. 7 Multiple ACEs may suggest a chaotic family environment that places not only individuals at risk but also family members, eliciting a potentially vicious cycle of intergenerational risk. 8 IMPORTANCE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially harmful events that occur during childhood, spanning neglect, physical or sexual abuse, parental separation, or death, among others. At least 50% of the US adult population has experienced 1 or more ACEs before the age of 18 years, but in clinical practice, ACEs remain underrecognized. Adults who have experienced ACEs are at increased risk of developing health risk behaviors and, ultimately, cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review summarizes the evidence regarding the association of ACEs with CVD and the accompanying diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the adult population.OBSERVATIONS ACEs are commonly classified into 3 domains: abuse (psychological, phys...

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Section: Health Consequences Of Acesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, ACE has been shown to have a dose-response relationship with various mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, panic reactions, hallucinations, psychoses and suicide attempts [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The mechanisms for these associations may involve the modified physiological development of children due to experienced chronic stress [15,16] or the adoption of behaviours that harm their physical and mental health [3,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does family communication moderate the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional and behavioural problems?

et al. 2020

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and poor family support and communication can increase emotional and behavioural problems (EBP). Therefore, we assessed the association of difficult communication with mother and with father separately with both emotional and behavioural problems (EBP), and whether adolescents' communication with mother and with father moderates the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) with the EBP of adolescents. Methods: We used data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2018 in Slovakia, comprising 5202 adolescents aged from 11 to 15 (mean age 13.53; 49.3% boys). EBP were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We used generalized linear regression adjusted for age, gender and family affluence to explore the modification of the associations between ACE and EBP by communication (easy vs. difficult communication) with mother and father. Results: Difficult communication or a complete lack of communication due to the absence of mother and father increased the probability of emotional (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91|0.99, respectively) and also of behavioural problems (exp (b): 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92|1.00; and 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90|0.97, respectively). We found a statistically significant interaction of communication with father on the association of ACE with EBP, showing that the joint effects were less than multiplicative. Conclusion: Difficult communication with mother and father is related to EBP among adolescents, and adolescents' communication with father moderates the association of ACE with both emotional and behavioural problems among adolescents.

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“…ACEs have been linked to increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, as well as eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. [829][830][831][832] In one study of girls, child sexual abuse was associated with increased risk of obesity (odds ratio, OR: 2.6; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1-6.4) and extreme weight-loss behaviors (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.0-4.7), and parental unemployment was associated with obesity (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.2-9.6) and being underweight (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.1-11.6). 830 In another study, a dose-response effect was noted between child trauma subtypes and the severity of eating disorder symptoms.…”

Section: Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health

Bhushan¹,

Kotz²,

McCall³

et al. 2020

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is intended for a wide range of audiences. These include individuals, families, community members and leaders, policymakers, cross-sector practitioners in fields like public health, justice, early childhood, education, and social services, healthcare professionals, community organizations, scientists and researchers, funders, and advocates. Thus, the report distills cutting-edge learnings from a variety of scientific disciplines in a way that seeks to be accessible to a broad array of readers. CBT Cognitive-behavioral therapy CCORE Capitol Collaborative on Race and Equity CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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The differential impact of adverse childhood experiences in the development of pre-diabetes in a longitudinal cohort of US adults

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences With Cardiovascular Disease Later in Life

Does family communication moderate the association between adverse childhood experiences and emotional and behavioural problems?

The Roadmap for Resilience: The California Surgeon General's Report on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Toxic Stress, and Health

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