The diffuse neuroendocrine system and extrapineal melatonin

Kvetnoy, I. M.; Sandvik, A. K.

doi:10.1677/jme.0.0180001

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Melatonin stimulates several antioxidative enzymes (19) and acts on bone metabolism (20). The hormone exerts its effects both through activation of its receptors (21), through the circulating levels of the hormone or in a more autocrine/paracrine fashion near target tissues (22,23). In addition, melatonin brings about vasoconstriction through the MT1 and vasodilation through the MT2 receptors (24).…”

Section: Melatonin and Its Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Sharma

Singh

Ahmad

et al. 2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

110

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Melatonin referred as the hormone of darkness is mainly secreted by pineal gland, its levels being elevated during night and low during the day. The effects of melatonin on insulin secretion are mediated through the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2). It decreases insulin secretion by inhibiting cAMP and cGMP pathways but activates the phospholipaseC/IP3 pathway, which mobilizes Ca 2+ from organelles and, consequently increases insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro, insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in a circadian manner, is due to the melatonin action on the melatonin receptors inducing a phase shift in the cells. Melatonin may be involved in the genesis of diabetes as a reduction in melatonin levels and a functional interrelationship between melatonin and insulin was observed in diabetic patients. Evidences from experimental studies proved that melatonin induces production of insulin growth factor and promotes insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. The disturbance of internal circadian system induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which could be restored by melatonin supplementation. Therefore, the presence of melatonin receptors on human pancreatic islets may have an impact on pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes. Arch Endocrinol Metab.2015;59(5):391-9

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Section: Melatonin and Its Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Sharma

Singh

Ahmad

et al. 2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has also been implicated in metabolic control [14] . Given that the sites of melatonin production are widespread, its effects may be both endocrine, via melatonin released from the pineal gland, and paracrine/autocrine, via melatonin released in the vicinity of its target tissues [15] . An interesting feature of melatonin is its capacity to act as an antioxidant, owing to its chemical structure.…”

Section: Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of melatonin on diabetes-related metabolic disorders

Espino

Pariente²,

Rodríguez³

2011

WJD

105

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Melatonin is a circulating hormone that is mainly released from the pineal gland. It is best known as a regulator of seasonal and circadian rhythms, its levels being high during the night and low during the day. Interestingly, insulin levels are also adapted to day/night changes through melatonin-dependent synchronization. This regulation may be explained by the inhibiting action of melatonin on insulin release, which is transmitted through both the pertussis-toxin-sensitive membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and the second messengers 3',5' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Melatonin may influence diabetes and associated metabolic disturbances not only by regulating insulin secretion, but also by providing protection against reactive oxygen species, since pancreatic β-cells are very susceptible to oxidative stress because they possess only low-antioxidative capacity. On the other hand, in several genetic association studies, single nucleotide polymorphysms of the human MT2 receptor have been described as being causally linked to an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This suggests that these individuals may be more sensitive to the actions of melatonin, thereby leading to impaired insulin secretion. Therefore, blocking the melatonin-induced inhibition of insulin secretion may be a novel therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes.

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“…It has also been implicated in metabolic control [25]. Given that the sites of melatonin production are widespread, effects may be both endocrine, via melatonin released from the pineal gland, and paracrine/autocrine, via melatonin released in the vicinity of its target tissues [26].…”

Section: Physiological Effects Of Melatoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin receptors in pancreatic islets: good morning to a novel type 2 diabetes gene

et al. 2009

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Melatonin is a circulating hormone that is primarily released from the pineal gland. It is best known as a regulator of seasonal and circadian rhythms; its levels are high during the night and low during the day. Interestingly, insulin levels also exhibit a nocturnal drop, which has previously been suggested to be controlled, at least in part, by melatonin. This regulation can be explained by the proposed inhibitory action of melatonin on insulin release. Indeed, both melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and MTNR1B are expressed in pancreatic islets. The role of melatonin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis has been highlighted by three independent publications based on genome-wide association studies of traits connected with type 2 diabetes, such as elevated fasting glucose, and, subsequently, of the disease itself. The studies demonstrate a link between variations in the MTNR1B gene, hyperglycaemia, impaired early phase insulin secretion and beta cell function. The risk genotype predicts the future development of type 2 diabetes. Carriers of the risk genotype exhibit increased expression of MTNR1B in islets. This suggests that these individuals may be more sensitive to the actions of melatonin, leading to impaired insulin secretion. Blocking the inhibition of insulin secretion by melatonin may be a novel therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes.

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The diffuse neuroendocrine system and extrapineal melatonin

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

The role of melatonin in diabetes: therapeutic implications

Role of melatonin on diabetes-related metabolic disorders

Melatonin receptors in pancreatic islets: good morning to a novel type 2 diabetes gene

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