The diffusion and solubility of oxygen in solid nickel

Park, Jong-Wan; Altstetter, C. J.

doi:10.1007/bf02646220

Cited by 216 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…The calculated insertion energy of oxygen in nickel is 3.39 eV for 2 Â 2 Â 2 and 3.38 eV for 3 Â 3 Â 3, respectively. Comparing to previous experimental data of oxygen insertion in nickel by Park and Altstetter's work, 23 the current model confirmed that the position of atoms and the calculation methods are correct. As illustrated in Figure 2, there are two different diffusion pathways of oxygen in FCC metals and alloys.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

Kim

Shin

Jung

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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The first-principles calculations of the diffusion processes of oxygen in pure Ni and Ni-Cr binary alloy are conducted to understand the oxidation behavior of nickel base alloys. The cohesive energy, insertion energy of atomic oxygen, and vacancy formation energy in nickel are calculated and compared with experimental data. The activation energies of oxygen are also calculated. The results show agreement with previous work for the oxygen diffusion in pure nickel. However, the calculated activation energy for the diffusion of oxygen in Ni-Cr binary alloy showed lower values than that in nickel because of the limitations of the current calculation model.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

Kim

Shin

Jung

et al. 2012

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Solubility of oxygen in solid nickel, iron and platinum is very low. Solubility of oxygen in solid nickel was found in the range of 0.01-0.05 at% 7,8) and rises to 1.5 at% upon melting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Solubility of oxygen in solid nickel, iron and platinum is very low. Solubility of oxygen in solid nickel was found in the range of 0.01-0.05 at% 7,8) and rises to 1.5 at% upon melting.9) Iron has similarly low levels of solubility in the solid state-0.0008 at% in g-Fe, 0.002 at% in d-Fe 10,11) while liquid iron near the melting point dissolves 0.06 at%.9) According to Zackay et al,8) solubility of oxygen in platinum is negligible.Intake of oxygen in the wetting experiments depends on the bulk diffusion of oxygen in the metal substrates as well as permeability (product of diffusion coefficient and solubility). At temperatures near those in the present work, iron and nickel have relatively similar levels for oxygen diffusion coefficient and permeability.…”

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confidence: 96%

Wetting of Solid Iron, Nickel and Platinum by Liquid MnO–SiO2 and CaO–Al2O3–SiO2

Parry

Ostrovski

2009

ISIJ Int.

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Wetting of solid metals-iron, nickel and platinum, by molten MnO-SiO 2 (MS) and CaO-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 (CAS) oxide systems was studied by the sessile drop method at 1 350-1 450°C in reducing atmosphere. Terminal contact angles (after 240 min) for MS system were: for iron substrates-5Ϯ2 deg at 1 350°C, 9Ϯ2 deg at 1 390°C, 6Ϯ2 deg at 1 450°C; platinum-15Ϯ2 deg at 1 350°C and 1 390°C, and 12Ϯ2 deg at 1 450°C. Contact angle for the Ni-MS system was close to zero-3Ϯ2 deg at 1 350°C and 1 390°C. Contact angles with CAS system were: iron-55Ϯ2 deg (1 350°C), 60Ϯ2 deg (1 390°C), 44Ϯ2 deg (1 450°C); nickel-59Ϯ2 deg (1 350°C), 60Ϯ2 deg (1 390°C); and platinum-15Ϯ2 deg (1 350°C, 1 390°C and 1 450°C). Work of adhesion for all substrates with MS system was 910 to 930 mJ/m 2 . Interfacial tension with MS system was 1 480 mN/m for Ni at 1 350 to 1 390°C, and 1 880 to 1 890 mN/m for Pt in the temperature range 1 350 to 1 450°C. For iron, interfacial tension was 1 720 mN/m at 1 350°C; 1 580 mN/m at 1 390°C and 1 450°C. Lower work of adhesion and higher interfacial tension were found for metals with CAS system. Reduction of MnO from MS system was observed, leading to Mn dissolution in metal substrates. Degree of silica reduction from MS system was much smaller in comparison with MnO reduction (negligible for Pt); it was very minor from CAS system. Reduction of oxides and adsorption of oxygen modify the metal-oxide interface, making wetting dynamic and profoundly affecting interfacial properties.KEY WORDS: interface wetting; interface dynamics; oxides. ExperimentalThe study is based upon in-situ observation of high-temperature wettability of a solid metal by molten oxides using the sessile drop method. In these experiments, the change in behavior with time and temperature of a liquid drop of oxide upon a solid metal substrate was recorded. The experiments were conducted in a graphite furnace described elsewhere. 6)A digital video camera with a resolution of 720ϫ576 pixels was used to record image sequences during the wettability experiments. Zoom lenses (one 4ϫ, one 1ϫ) were added to the camera lens to provide the correct focal length. Welding lenses were placed in between the camera and the furnace window to reduce glare from the sample at high temperatures.Iron was obtained in the form of chips (2 mm diameter). Approximately 1 g of iron chips were melted in an alumina crucible under a Varigon (5 vol% hydrogen, 95 vol% argon) atmosphere at 1 600°C. Nickel was obtained as ϳ1 g pellets. The iron or nickel was placed inside an envelope of titanium foil for rolling to a thickness close to 1 mm, giving a diameter of ϳ15 mm. After rolling, the metal disc was polished down to a roughness of 0.05 mm.Platinum was supplied in the form of foil of 0.5 mm thickness then polished to the same finish as iron and nickel. Chemical analysis of iron, nickel and platinum by Inductively-Coupled Plasma spectroscopy and LECO analyzers (CS-244 Carbon/Sulfur and TC-436DR Oxygen/ Nitrogen) is given in Table 1.The MnO-SiO 2 (MS) system was prepared from MnO (99...

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“…Diffusivity data of oxygen and chromium are unavailable at such low temperatures, so values are extrapolated from high temperature data in literature. 27,28 Once a chromia scale is formed, the flux of Cr diffusing from the bulk alloy to the scale-alloy interface must be sufficient to maintain its growth. The critical concentration of chromium, N (2) Cr , associated [7] where k p is the parabolic rate constant for chromia layer thickening, which can be derived from Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Effect on Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys in CO₂Gas Atmosphere

Xie

Zhang

Young

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Model Ni-Cr alloys containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% Cr were oxidized in Ar-20 vol% CO 2 gas mixtures at temperatures of 650, 700 and 800 • C. In general, multi-layered oxide scales were observed on the surface after reaction. With increased alloy Cr content, the oxide structure changed from external NiO, plus intermediate inner oxides and an internal oxidation zone, to forming a thin chromia band at the base of the oxide scale and, at higher Cr levels, an exclusive chromia scale. Increasing temperature accelerated the oxidation kinetics of low chromium-containing alloys, but significantly reduced the oxidation rate of high chromium alloys by promoting formation of the chromia band/scale. The critical Cr concentration required for chromia scale formation and maintenance decreased with increasing temperature, in accord with diffusion theory. Intergranular carbides were formed in high Cr content alloys, indicating elevated carbon activities beneath the oxide scales. In conventional power plants, fossil fuels are burnt in air to generate electricity. This process is of low cost, but can produce a large amount of CO 2 gas, a principal contributor to global warming. To reduce CO 2 emissions, a new technology called oxy-fuel combustion has been developed. In this process, coal is burnt in a mixture of oxygen and recirculated flue gas, so the finally released flue gas consists mainly of CO 2 and water vapor. After condensation of water vapor, sequestering CO 2 gas from the flue gas is relatively easy.Unfortunately, this technology has the potential to exacerbate the corrosion problems encountered in power plants. The CO 2 gas has been found to be very corrosive to the steels of the critical heat exchanging components in boilers, producing severe oxidation and carburization of ferritic-martensitic steels. Exposed to this atmosphere, the chromia-forming steels which are used successfully in air, undergo breakaway oxidation and carburization. [1][2][3][4] In addition, increased operating temperatures to improve boiler heat efficiency are desirable to meet continuously increasing energy demand, e.g. in advanced ultra-supercritical power generation. As a result, the ferritic/martensitic and even austenitic steels currently used in traditional coal-fired power plants will not survive when the operating temperature increases to values higher than 650• C. 5-7 Under these circumstances, nickel-based alloys are alternative candidate materials, owing to their superior creep strength and corrosion resistance at higher temperatures. However, little is known about the corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloys in CO 2 -rich gases at high temperatures.The oxidation of various model Ni-Cr alloys in air and oxygen has been well investigated at temperatures between 800 and 1200• C, [8][9][10][11][12][13] and the oxidation of these alloys in H 2 O-containing environments has also been reported. [14][15][16][17] In air and oxygen environments, it has been generally accepted that binary Ni-Cr alloys with Cr contents lower than 10 wt% oxid...

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The diffusion and solubility of oxygen in solid nickel

Cited by 216 publications

References 20 publications

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

Wetting of Solid Iron, Nickel and Platinum by Liquid MnO–SiO2 and CaO–Al2O3–SiO2

Temperature Effect on Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys in CO₂Gas Atmosphere

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The diffusion and solubility of oxygen in solid nickel

Cited by 216 publications

References 20 publications

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

First-principles study of interstitial diffusion of oxygen in nickel chromium binary alloy

Wetting of Solid Iron, Nickel and Platinum by Liquid MnO–SiO2 and CaO–Al2O3–SiO2

Temperature Effect on Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys in CO2Gas Atmosphere

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Temperature Effect on Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys in CO₂Gas Atmosphere