The diffusion coefficients of ten slightly soluble gases in water at 10–60°C

Wise, Donald L.; Houghton, G.

doi:10.1016/0009-2509(66)85096-0

Cited by 299 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Using Eq. 2 and data from table A1 in Wanninkhof (1992) based on N 2 and N 2 O diffusion coefficients determined by Jähne et al (1987) and a propane diffusion coefficient determined by Wise and Houghton (1966), we calculated that the air-water exchange rates of N 2 and N 2 O were 0.98 and 0.96 times the measured values of k P . These relationships appear to be essentially independent of temperature over the range experienced by temperate streams (Rainwater and Holley 1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach

Mulholland

Valett

Webster

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

177

188

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We measured denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates in a small stream (East Fork of Walker Branch in eastern Tennessee) using a new field 15 N tracer addition and modeling approach that quantifies these rates for entire stream reaches. The field experiment consisted of an 8-h addition of 99 atom% K 15 NO 3 and a conservative solute tracer. Two 15 N tracer addition experiments were performed on consecutive days, the first under ambient NO concentra- (Ͼ99%) and comprised about 16% (Ϯ10%) of total NO uptake rate under ambient NO concentrations and about1% (Ϯ1%) of total NO 3 uptake rate with NO addition. Denitrification rate expressed on a mass flux basis was AcknowledgmentsWe thank Jeff Houser, Ramie Wilkerson, and Erica Lewis for their help in the field and laboratory; Suzanne Thomas for analysis of 15 N samples at the Marine Biological Lab; and Melody Bernot and Jennifer Tank for kindly providing the gas sampling vials. We also appreciate advice on sampling and sample analysis from Jennifer Tank and Melody Bernot. We thank David Harris, Stable Isotope Laboratory, University of California, Davis, for performing most of the 15 N analysis. We benefited greatly from discussions with Jim McClelland on transformations of the isotope data and with Wil Wollheim on model development. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach

Mulholland

Valett

Webster

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

177

188

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“…water temperate x (ЊC) using the following equations developed from the data given in Unver and Himmelblau (1964) and Wise and Houghton (1966 ) were determined from the concentrations of the equilibrated headspace and stream water temperature (Kling et al 1991). Stream discharge (Q, L s…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Hope

Palmer

Billett

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

221

249

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Peatland streams potentially represent important conduits for the exchange of gaseous carbon between the terrestrial ecosystem and the atmosphere. We investigated how gaseous evasion of carbon from the stream surface compared with downstream carbon transport at three locations on a Scottish headwater stream. Carbon dioxide was consistently above atmospheric saturation in the stream, with mean concentrations of 159.1, 81.8, and 29.5 mol L Ϫ1 at the lower, middle, and upper sites, respectively (i.e., 7.6, 3.9, and 1.2 times in excess of atmospheric equilibrium concentrations). Methane concentrations in stream water were much lower but showed a similar pattern. Rates of gaseous evasion from the stream surface to the atmosphere, determined experimentally using direct measurement of dissolved gas concentrations in conjunction with coinjection of conservative solute and volatile gas tracers, also declined downstream. Combined stream losses of all forms of carbon from the entire catchment (i.e., degassing from the stream surface and exports downstream) totaled 54,140 kg C yr Ϫ1. Evasion of carbon dioxide from the stream surface accounted for 34% of this total, compared to 57% lost as dissolved organic carbon via export downstream. When expressed per unit area of watershed, the gaseous C evasion from the stream represents a loss of 14.1 g C m Ϫ2 yr Ϫ1, which equals 28-70% of the estimated net carbon accumulation rate for such peatlands. This study shows that gaseous carbon loss from the surface of temperate headwater streams can be both spatially variable and significant in terms of rates of net annual land surface-atmosphere exchange at the catchment scale.Although there is an extensive literature on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in streams, much less attention has been given to gaseous forms of carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide and methane) in stream water (Hope et al. 1994). Typically, both carbon dioxide and methane are supersaturated in surface waters, with both streams and lakes frequently exhibiting gaseous partial pressures many times in excess of atmospheric equilibrium (Kling et al. 1991;Cole et al. 1994;Hamilton et al. 1994;Dawson et al. 1995; Jones and Mulholland 1998a,b). By evasion of this excess gaseous carbon, surface waters can act as conduits for a significant flux of carbon from terrestrial pools to the atmosphere (Kling et al. 1991;Cole et al. 1994;Hamilton et al. 1994). Most of the published evasion flux estimates are for lakes (e.g., Cole et al. 1994) and large rivers (e.g., DeAngelis and Scranton 1993;Raymond et al. 1997). However, small streams are where much groundwater initially enters surface drainage systems carrying a large load of dissolved gases, yet there are few published studies where gaseous carbon efflux rates have actually been measured for such streams (Jones and Mulholland 1998a,b).Using measurements of carbon dioxide and methane content of stream water in conjunction with tracer experiments involving the coinjection of a conservation solute and a volatile gas tracer, we quan...

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“…Although heat and oxygen would have the same coefficients of turbulent diffusion, they have very different molecular diffusion coefficients. The coefficient of molecular conductivity of heat in water is 120 x 10~5 cm 2 s~' whereas that for oxygen in water is 2.3 x 10~5 cm 2 s ' (Wise & Houghton 1966). Thus in a very calm lake, where much of the downward conductivity of heat and oxygen is by molecular processes, Eq.…”

Section: Process 6: Downward Transport Of Oxygenmentioning

confidence: 96%

Using hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletion rates for monitoring lakes

Burns

1995

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Volumetic hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, caused primarily by the decomposition of organic material in the hypolimnion (VHDR org ), is considered to be an important indicator of the trophic state of lakes and is used to detect change of trophic state. The observed volumetric hypolimnetic depletion rate (VHDR obs ) is usually different from VHDR org because of phenomena which can alter the concentrations of oxygen in the hypolimnion. The nine different phenomena which can affect the rate at which the observed hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletes are reviewed. In many instances, if the limnology of the system is understood, the perturbations to the hypolimnetic respiration rate, VHDR org caused by these phenomena can be ignored and VHDR obs used for lake management. Guidance is provided as to when the effects of these phenomena can be ignored and when they cannot be. Should corrections be necessary, methods for calculating the effects of physical perturbations are outlined. However, most of the effects caused by biological perturbations from changes in algal species cannot be eliminated, except for those caused by hypolimnetic production.

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The diffusion coefficients of ten slightly soluble gases in water at 10–60°C

Cited by 299 publications

References 45 publications

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach

Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Using hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletion rates for monitoring lakes

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The diffusion coefficients of ten slightly soluble gases in water at 10–60°C

Cited by 299 publications

References 45 publications

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field 15N tracer addition approach

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field 15N tracer addition approach

Carbon dioxide and methane evasion from a temperate peatland stream

Using hypolimnetic dissolved oxygen depletion rates for monitoring lakes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach

Stream denitrification and total nitrate uptake rates measured using a field ¹⁵N tracer addition approach