The diffusion of creatine and urea through muscle

Eggleton, Philip

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1930.sp002696

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This principle has recently been put to practical use in determining the actual concentration within a muscle of diffusible creatine and urea (EGGLETON 1930) and phosphates (SEMEONOFF 1931). For such cases, two other methods have for a long time been available.…”

Section: H Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Processes

Jacobs

1967

310

257

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PrefaceA basic tenet of present day biophysics is that flows in biological systems are causally related to forces. A large and growing fraction of membrane biophysics is devoted to an exploration of the quantitative relationship between forces and flows in order to understand both the nature of biological membranes and the processes that take place on and in these membranes. This is why the discussion of the nature of diffusion is so important in any formal development of membrane biophysics. This was equally true twenty years ago when tracers were just beginning to be used for the measurement of membrane processes. We turned naturally to the great treatises on the physics of diffusion and the flow of heat where, to be sure, we could dig out the information that was needed. It was a great joy then to come across this masterful and scholarly discussion on diffusion written for biologists of a physical tum of mind by MERKEL JACOBS. Here were to be found not only the equations that were basic to our knowledge, but also a careful, accurate and logical explanation, both of the physical principles and the mathematical steps. It soon became apparent that we could not keep that one volume of Ergebnisse der Biologie on indefinite loan from the library, and we then found, by good fortune, a remaindered copy of this particular issue. It has become a well-thumbed and treasured possession of the laboratory. I am very glad that others now will have a similar opportunity to learn about diffusion from MERKEL JACOBS and that this volume will be widely available again.Subsequently I had occasion to tell JACOBS how much pleasure this article had given us and asked him how he had found the time to do all the work. He had broken his leg and had written it to while away the time the when he was confined to the hospital. This story seems very illustrative of JACOBS' devotion to science. In our laboratory which has been concerned for many years with the permeability of red blood cells, we have always had great respect for JACOBS and for his insight into the forces that cause flows across that specific membrane. We go back again and again to his IV Preface papers and to his methods, particularly the mathematical ones, and always unearth new things of value -an observation as true today as when we first began research on red cells. That we are not alone in our high regard for JACOBS is illustrated by another anecdote. I once asked U SSING how he had come to make his theoretical examination of the difference between osmotic flow and the diffusion of water. USSING'S interest had been aroused by the clear statement of the problem and the suggestions of JACOBS in an article reviewing "cell permeability with particular reference to the erythrocyte".

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Section: H Jacobsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Processes

Jacobs

1967

310

257

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“…The question of uncombined creatine must be considered, because if this is present it will be labelled with tritium, and the situation may be confused. Eggleton (1930) showed that creatine is freely diffusible through the muscle membrane, so the concentration of uncombined creatine in a muscle might be expected to be comparable with that in blood plasma. The blood plasma level in the frog is not known, but if it is of the same order of magnitude as that recorded for man, 0-03-0-06 m-mole/l.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in isolated muscle it is not, in fact, negligible. Eggleton (1930) showed that the creatine content of an isolated resting frog's muscle could be maintained at a constant value only by using a bathing solution containing 6 m-mole creatine/l., which corresponds, for a simple osmotic equilibrium, to 5 m-mole creatine/kg muscle. Others have obtained similar values; for instance, under conditions which were most carefully controlled to prevent metabolic disturbance, Seraydarian, Mommaerts, Wallner & Guillory (1961) recorded values of 4-7 m-mole/kg for uncombined creatine in the frog's sartorius.…”

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confidence: 99%

The location of creatine phosphate in frog's striated muscle

Hill¹

1962

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Discussion Urea is an easily diffusible non-electrolyte (Eggleton, 1930;Folin and Berglund, 1922) and is thus found in fairly uniform concentration in most tissues and fluids of the body during life.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Urea Levels Estimated after Death

Jenkins¹

1953

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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The diffusion of creatine and urea through muscle

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

Diffusion Processes

Diffusion Processes

The location of creatine phosphate in frog's striated muscle

The Significance of Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Urea Levels Estimated after Death

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