The Diffusion of Oxygen in Alpha and Beta Zircaloy 2 and Zircaloy 3 at High Temperatures

Mallett, M. W.; Albrecht, W.M.; Wilson, P. R.

doi:10.1149/1.2427305

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A comparison of oxygen diffusion coefficients, which is related to the oxidation kinetics, for both Zr-2 and Zr-4 indicate no appreciable differences in the alloys. 3,4 The composition of ZIRLO is significantly different from Zr-4 and the ignition kinetics are known to differ from Zr-4. Zircaloy-2 was used in the BWR ignition study and the use of Zr-4 air oxidation kinetics in the corresponding MELCOR model proved to be valid as discussed next.…”

Section: Heater Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hydraulic and Ignition Phenomena of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assemblies

Lindgren¹,

Durbin²

2009

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This report summarizes the strategy and preparations for the first phase in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) ignition experimental program. During this phase, a single full length, prototypic 17×17 PWR fuel assembly will simulate a severe loss-of-coolantaccident in the spent fuel pool whereby the fuel is completely uncovered and heats up until ignition of the cladding occurs. Electrically resistive heaters with zircaloy cladding will substitute for the spent nuclear fuel. The assembly will be placed in a single pool cell with the outer wall well insulated. This boundary condition will imitate the situation of an assembly surrounded by assemblies of similar offload age. Several, initial modeling and design results are detailed in this report and represent the current knowledge base. However, these results are subject to change with new information.

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Section: Heater Claddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Hydraulic and Ignition Phenomena of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assemblies

Lindgren¹,

Durbin²

2009

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“…As a result, the layer growth mechanism is not simply a steadystate process. In addition, the diffusion mechanisms in the Zr-O system have been extensively studied, and the existing diffusion data [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] is fairly dependable. This system is quite similar to the Ti-N system, which has been studied in the past by the present authors.…”

Section: Diffusivities From Layer Growth Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting layer sequence is ZrO 2 , ␣-Zr, and ␤-Zr. The growth kinetics of these layers and oxygen diffusion in nonstoichiometric oxide were studied by Rosa and Hagel, [20] Pemmsler, [21,22] Mallet et al, [23] Davis et al, [24] Douglas [25] , and Pawell. [26] Rosa and Hagel [20] studied the oxidation kinetics of zirconium between 875 °C and 1050°C.…”

Section: A Oxidation Of Zirconiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nitrogen concentration profile following ion nitriding at 605 °C for 2.5 hours is shown in Figure 8. The nitrogen [20] 1.36 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 28,400 Douglass [25] 5.5 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 33,400 700 to 1000 Douglass* 1.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 31,000 Smith [29] 0.9 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 28,700 380 to 386 [21] 5.2 50,800 Pemmsler [22] 4.9 51,780 700 to 1000 Mallet et al [23] 0.196 41,000 Davis et al [24] 69.2 56,187 380 to 386 Fig. 6.…”

Section: B Nitriding Of Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solutions to multiphase diffusion in binary metal interstitial systems

Metin

Inal

Romig

2005

Metall Mater Trans A

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General analytical expressions for multiphase diffusion under nonsteady-state conditions, which treats the special degenerative case of steady-state diffusion, are developed. The validity of these solutions is examined by application to multiphase layer growth in the Zr-0 and Fe-N systems. The analytical solutions examined include closed-form error function solutions and steady-state approximations to the solutions developed by Wagner. The solutions are general and can accommodate solubility ranges in all phase layers as well as terminal solubilities in the end member phases of the diffusion couple. In diffusion couples where the end member phases have finite, terminal solubilities and where these terminal phases have diffusivities greater than in the intermediate phases (which is common in many metal-interstitial phases), closed-form error function solutions are particularly useful in determining chemical diffusivities from simple intermediate phase layer growth measurements.

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“…W 1 is the effective value of W at which D2--> 0, and We is defined as W divided by the term in brackets. Equation [19] has the property that at short time when…”

Section: Quasi-cubic Rate Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of the Oxidation of Zirconium in Oxygen and Liquid Sodium

Smith¹

1965

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A rigorous analysis using Fick's second law diffusion equation (for film growth and diffusion into the metal) is given which explains the observed variation of apparent activation energy between about 28 and 50 kcal/mole for the oxidation process. This analysis also explains the observed differences between oxidation in oxygen and oxidation by oxygen in liquid sodium. An empirical equation is given that will accurately describe the experimental data of weight gain vs. time (for Zr, Ti, and Cu) as this relationship goes from approximately parabolic, to quasi‐cubic, to parabolic again. The derivation of this equation stems from the hypothesis that the diffusion coefficient (for oxygen into the metal) decreases as the oxygen consumption increases.

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The Diffusion of Oxygen in Alpha and Beta Zircaloy 2 and Zircaloy 3 at High Temperatures

Cited by 35 publications

References 4 publications

Characterization of Hydraulic and Ignition Phenomena of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assemblies

Characterization of Hydraulic and Ignition Phenomena of Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Assemblies

Solutions to multiphase diffusion in binary metal interstitial systems

Mechanism of the Oxidation of Zirconium in Oxygen and Liquid Sodium

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