The Diffusion of Water Vapor through Laminae with Particular Reference to Textile Fabrics

Whelan, Margaret E.; MacHattie, L E; Goodings, A.; Turl, L.H.

doi:10.1177/004051755502500301

Cited by 76 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…where d is the moisture vapor resistance expressed in air equivalent in meter introduced by Whelan et al (1955) and i m is the moisture vapor permeability index introduced by Woodcock (1962a). R a is induced only by the mass convective transfer, applying the Lewis Relation to Eq.…”

Section: Review Of Past Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the surface heat and moisture transfer from the human body under varying climatic conditions and walking speeds

Qian

Fan

2006

Applied Ergonomics

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Section: Review Of Past Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of the surface heat and moisture transfer from the human body under varying climatic conditions and walking speeds

Qian

Fan

2006

Applied Ergonomics

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“…Referring to the notations in figure The vapour flows and latent heat flows are described in terms of vapour concentration (C, gm-3 ) and air equivalent (d (m), Whelan et al 1955 …”

Section: Theory Of Water Vapour Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice of vapour concentration rather than vapour pressure to describe vapour flows is justified by Lotens (1988). The vapour resistance is the ratio of the air equivalent (m) and the diffusion constant (m 2 s -'), The air equivalent is the thickness of a stable air layer with the same vapour resistance as the actual layer (Whelan et al 1955). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of moisture absorption in clothing on the human heat balance

Lotens¹,

Havenith²

1995

Ergonomics

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A theory of moisture absorption in clothing, with the associated effects of heat transfer, was developed and applied in a computer model. The model considers the body, underclothing, an outer layer, and the adjacent air layer. The theory was checked with an experiment involving four subjects. They wore heavy woollen clothing, which was either initially dry or humid, in both a warm and a cool environment. Model calculations and experimental results agree approximately upon the timing and magnitude of the effect of absorbing clothing on heat flows, temperatures and physiological reactions. Contrary to expectations the observed vapour resistance is lower in the heat than in the cold, probably due to differences in sweat distribution. It is pointed out that the usual way to determine the clothing characteristics by means of partitional calorimetry leads to considerable errors when the steady state has not been reached. In clothing that has high absorption properties the transient effects may be sustained for hours. Tests using the model show few beneficial effects of absorbing clothing on thermal sensation.

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“…It is well known that heat discomfort increases when evaporative heat loss is suppressed, due to wet clothing, during thermal sweating. Research concerned with the analysis of the relationships between sweating and clothing materials has considered two aspects: ®rst, the physical properties of the materials responsible for the absorption and penetration of water or water vapour (Fourt et al 1951(Fourt et al , 1957Hardy et al 1953;Mecheels et al 1966; Morooka and Niwa 1979b;Whelan et al 1955;Woodcock 1962); and second, the thermophysiological exchange of heat and water that passes through suits made of dierent clothing materials under conditions of undetectable water loss and thermal sweating in human subjects (Hollies et al 1984;Mitsui and Nakajima 1991;Morooka and Niwa 1979a;Endrusick 1990, 1992;Sugai and Nakajima 1988). As a result of the multitude of variables, the assessment of the relationships between clothing materials and thermal comfort under dierent thermophysiological conditions has remained dicult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sweat evaporation from clothing materials by the ventilated sweat capsule method

Otomasu

Yamauchi

Ohwatari

et al. 1997

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The local influence of three clothing materials i.e. silk, cotton and nylon, in (1) full or (2) partial skin contact or (3) at 3 mm from the skin, on sweat evaporation from the chest skin surface of human subjects was studied. The hygrometer-ventilated capsule method was used and sweating was induced at ambient thermoneutrality by a central heat load following lower-leg immersion in water at 43 degrees C. The presence of clothing delayed the rise in capsule relative humidity (CRH) induced by heat loading. During the first 6 min of heating, CRH rose more steeply with clothing that was in full skin contact than with clothing that had partial or no contact. The rate of decrease in CRH from 1 min to 6 min after heating was not influenced by the presence of clothing or by the different degrees of skin contact. The subsequent return of CRH to the pre-heating level was delayed most by cotton, less by silk and least by nylon. For silk and nylon, partial contact with the skin prolonged the return to control conditions, as compared with full skin contact.

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The Diffusion of Water Vapor through Laminae with Particular Reference to Textile Fabrics

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Interactions of the surface heat and moisture transfer from the human body under varying climatic conditions and walking speeds

Interactions of the surface heat and moisture transfer from the human body under varying climatic conditions and walking speeds

Effects of moisture absorption in clothing on the human heat balance

Analysis of sweat evaporation from clothing materials by the ventilated sweat capsule method

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