The diffusivity of Hydrogen in palladium

Katsuta, H; Farraro, R.J.; McLellan, Rex B.

doi:10.1016/0001-6160(79)90128-7

Cited by 75 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…and 496 24 Consequently, the rate of transport of hydrogen in palladium hydride required to provide hydrogen cations for electrochemical reduction at the surface of β-PdH is well below the rate at which hydrogen diffuses in β-PdH.…”

Section: Nernstian Behavior -β-Pdh As the Source Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium Hydride as a Reference Electrode in Aprotic Solutions

Patrick

Chakravarti

Devine

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The results of a variety of electrochemical tests indicate palladium hydride (β-PdH) functions as a thermodynamic reference electrode in three aprotic solutions containing H 2(g) and solvents of dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetonitrile. For enhanced electrical conductivity all solutions contained 0.2 M of an ionic liquid, 1-methyl-3-butyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate. As is required of all thermodynamic reference electrodes (i) the potential of β-PdH was stable, (ii) its small amplitude anodic and cathodic polarization were reversible, and (iii) it exhibited Nernstian behavior assuming that the hydrogen cation activity is controlled by the concentration of adsorbed hydrogen, which is set by the partial pressure of H 2(g) . © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0421603jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted October 30, 2015; revised manuscript received December 8, 2015. Published December 17, 2015 Palladium hydride (PdH) has long been used as a redox system for measurement of pH, and as a titration electrode in nonaqueous solvents.1 The present investigation of PdH as a reference electrode in aprotic solutions arose from an interest in applying electrochemical techniques to assess the corrosivity of crude oil. Specifically, the current study was an offshoot of our efforts to use cyclic voltammetry of platinum in crude oil as a means for identifying the presence and concentrations of redox active corrosive species, such as naphthenic acids, which contribute significantly to the corrosion of steels in crude oil.At present, TAN (Total Acid Number) is employed to estimate the corrosiveness of a crude oil. TAN is the number of mg of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the acids present in a 1 g sample of crude.2 However, it has been known for some time that there is considerable scatter in plots of low and intermediate values of TAN versus crudes' corrosiveness.3,4 For this reason, we have investigated the possibility of employing electrochemical techniques to characterize the corrosivity of an unknown crude.There are two major obstacles preventing the use of electrochemical techniques to assess the corrosivity of crudes. The first is the high electrical resistivity of crude oil. In a separate study we have addressed the resistivity issue by a combination of the use of ultramicroelectrodes (UME) and the addition of a supporting electrolyte, which does not itself affect the solution's corrosivity. 5 Many virgin crude oils have electrical resistivities on the order of 1 × 10 8 ohm•cm, which, although it is a high value, is nevertheless sufficiently low to permit electrochemical testing by employing UMEs without the need for a supporting electrolyte. However, the main concern over a crude's corrosivity relates to co...

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Section: Nernstian Behavior -β-Pdh As the Source Of Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium Hydride as a Reference Electrode in Aprotic Solutions

Patrick

Chakravarti

Devine

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…This work Davis [15] Holleck [16] Balonev [17] Katsuta et al [18] Morreale et al [19] NETL data [19] work, the use of dilute solutions (0.15 M) resulted in a relatively thin multilayer structure. The total thickness of the graded c-alumina multilayer ( Fig.…”

Section: Thickness ( µM)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Molecular Permeance in a Poreless Ceramic Membrane

Gu¹,

Oyama²

2007

Advanced Materials

101

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“…Relationship between inverse temperature and hydrogen permeability of pure palladium obtained from the experiment under the hydrogen pressure at 2.05 × 10 −1 kPa. Table 1 Hydrogen permeabilities for pure palladium at 473, 573 and 673 K, in comparison with the previous work [5][6][7][8][9][10] [13]. The values of the hydrogen permeability for pure palladium at high temperature obtained in this study are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Pure Pdmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The values of the hydrogen permeability for pure palladium at high temperature obtained in this study are summarized in Table 1. For comparison, the value range of the hydrogen permeability estimated from the previous results for the hydrogen diffusivity [5][6][7][8] and the solubility [9,10] are also presented in this table. As shown in Table 1, the values of the measured hydrogen permeability for pure palladium at high temperature are in good agreement with the previous work.…”

Section: Pure Pdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogen permeability Φ, is one of the important properties which is the product of the hydrogen diffusivity D, and the solubility K, of hydrogen in metals. It can be measured directly by using a gas permeation method with a mass flowmeter, or estimated indirectly from the respective measurements of the diffusion coefficient and the solubility of hydrogen in metals [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The permeating hydrogen through metals can also be detected accurately by an electrochemical method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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