The digital imaging workstation.

Arenson, Ronald L.; Chakraborty, Dev P.; Seshadri, Sridhar; Kundel, Harold L.

doi:10.1148/radiology.176.2.2367643

Cited by 83 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A decade later, Kenneth Bird and his colleagues at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston demonstrated and evaluated a comprehensive system for remote diagnosis and referred to it as telediagnosis. 26 Although considerable growth and phenomenal technological advances have occurred between these early stages and the present time, these technological advances are beyond the purview of this article. This review of the evidence regarding feasibility/acceptance of teleradiology is limited to the latest decade, namely 2005-2015, despite the fact that considerable work was done in this field starting in the early 1990s.…”

Section: Old Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Subsequently, significant developments in medical-grade display technology were started in the late 1980s and continue today. The early displays were cathode ray tube, [26][27][28] but today liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and variants such as organic light-emitting diodes are the norm in most radiology reading rooms. 29,30 Some of the key display parameters that have guided the development of these displays are directly related to the perceptual requirements of radiologists, the digital nature of the images, the complex nature of anatomic structures, and lesions in the images.…”

Section: Modalities Of Teleradiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence

Bashshur

Krupiński

Thrall

et al. 2016

Telemedicine and e-Health

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Introduction: Radiology was founded on a technological discovery by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. Teleradiology also had its roots in technology dating back to 1947 with the successful transmission of radiographic images through telephone lines. Diagnostic radiology has become the eye of medicine in terms of diagnosing and treating injury and disease. This article documents the empirical foundations of teleradiology. Methods: A selective review of the credible literature during the past decade (2005-2015) was conducted, using robust research design and adequate sample size as criteria for inclusion. Findings: The evidence regarding feasibility of teleradiology and related information technology applications has been well documented for several decades. The majority of studies focused on intermediate outcomes, as indicated by comparability between teleradiology and conventional radiology. A consistent trend of concordance between the two modalities was observed in terms of diagnostic accuracy and reliability. Additional benefits include reductions in patient transfer, rehospitalization, and length of stay.

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Section: Old Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Modalities Of Teleradiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Empirical Foundations of Teleradiology and Related Applications: A Review of the Evidence

Bashshur

Krupiński

Thrall

et al. 2016

Telemedicine and e-Health

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“…Images to be transmitted may be radiographs or image data acquired from digitally formatted imaging techniques (CT, MR, nuclear medicine, sonography, digital subtraction angiography, and computed radiography [5], and controls the laser film digitizers/printers and the network access controller.…”

Section: Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The received digital image data are printed on a laser film printer and displayed on an interactive grayscale work station [5].…”

Section: Site Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleradiology: costs of hardware and communications.

Dwyer¹,

Templeton²,

Batnitzky³

1991

American Journal of Roentgenology

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Perspective Teleradiology:Costs of Hardware and Communications Site CharacteristicsThe elements of a diagnostic teleradiology system are illustrated in Figure 1 its required equipment on a prorated 3-year period (or 5-year period) and pay for equipment maintenance.This will cost the hospital/clinic sites $84,933 per year for a 3-year period. After 3 years, only the maintenance cost of $1 9,600 per year will be incurred.The radiology department at the state university medical center will pay for its required equipment at a cost of $1 46,633 each year for 3 years. After 3 years, only the maintenance costs of $34,300 per year will be incurred. In Table 3, the communication costs are shown. Two types of WAN costs are presented.The dedicated point-to-point Ti carrier service (1 .544-megabit signaling speed) is a fixed monthly cost no matter how much each link is used on the WAN. The N x 56 kilobits is a dial-up, switched-line communication protocol.The access charges are the same as for Ti carrier service, but the usage charge is based only on the number of minutes used and not on the distance. Hence, if an N of 24 is selected, then DS-i service is provided at $0.06 per minute of use. DiscussionThe diagnostic teleradiology system is a film-to-film system. Each radiologic film is digitized at the transmitting site, transmitted on the WAN, and printed on a laser film recorder at the receiving site. The laser-printed film is placed on a standard light box for viewing and interpretation. The laser film digitizer generates a standard 2-kilobyte x 2-kilobyte x 12-bit digital array, but digital array sizes up to 4 kilobytes x 5 kilobytes X 1 2 bits are possible. The laser printer records a 4-kilobyte x 5-kilobyte x 1 2-bit digital array on laser-sensitive film. It uses interpolation methods to print a 2-kilobyte x 2-kilobyte X 12-bit digital image into a full-sized film. The gray-scale work stations at each teleradiology site are used to review images that have been digitized or received. The digital images are archived by each site computer system for consultation and queuing if needed during transmission or reception.The communication costs shown in Table 3 (1 44,256)Note-CT, nuclear medicine, and sonographic image data will be transmitted and recorded on a laser film printer. No special procedure images will be transmitted.All conventional screen-film radiographs will be digitized to 2 kilobytes x 2 kilobytes x 1 2 bits and transmitted on a laser film printer. UMC = university medical center; NM = nuclear medicine.

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“…These include the capability for on-line monitoring of current cases, more efficient image storage via connection to an electronic archive, and manipulation of various image parameters such as window and level settings. The implementation of PACS is also expected to reduce costs associated with the use of film [1 ]. However, the effects on diagnostic performance of replacing film with a digital workstation have not been determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%