The direct catalytic synthesis of ultrasmall Cu₂O-coordinated carbon nitrides on ceria for multimodal antitumor therapy

Abstract

Engineering chem-/sono-/photo-multimodal antitumor therapies has become an efficient strategy to combat malignant tumors.

Tunable Structured Metal Oxides for Biocatalytic Therapeutics

“…In recent years, Yan and other researchers have proposed standardized assays for the determination of catalytic activity and kinetics of biocatalysts, based on which different biocatalysts can be quantified and compared via the calculated dynamic parameters, such as V 0 (the initial rate), V max (maximum formation rate per minute), K m (Michaelis Menten constant, indicating affinity to special substrates), and TON (turnover number, the maximum number of conversed substrates of per unit catalytic active site). [ 33–36 ] The catalytic kinetics of biocatalysts are generally fitted in the Michaelis−Menten kinetic model, whereby plotting the catalytic rate versus substrate concentration, K m and V max can be obtained. The stable state kinetic study provides a convenient but authorized way to compare and assess the catalytic activities of various metal oxides‐based biocatalysts.…”

“…Furthermore, due to their appropriate degradation performance and outstanding enzyme‐like activity, iron oxide‐based biocatalysts show new possibilities of being applied in cancer diagnosis and treatment, including photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT). [ 34 ]…”

Tumor Microenvironment‐Related Sonodynamic Therapy Mediates Tumor Therapy

“…On the one hand, ST can reduce the internal glucose of tumors and reduce the energy source of tumor cells. CAT and CAT-like activity Au-rGO-ZnO@PVP, PMR, PEBVO@PEGNRS, Bac@ARS, SPNC, PB+Ce6@Hy, Ce6-MnO 2 -PVs, YHM, Cu 2 O-CNX@CeO 2 , CAT@HA-HMME NPs [51,53,54,156,157,158,159,160,161,162] Consumption of GSH AIMP [163] Catalytic CDT Mn 3 O 4 /OCN-PPIX@BSA, G-IrTe 2 [164,165] Suppress GSH generation BMP-BSO [166] Consumption of GSH, catalytic CDT UPFB, mZMD NCs, MO@FHO, AIPH@Cu-MOF [52,55,84,85] Consumption of GSH, catalytic ST CPCs@PEG [167] Reverse immunosuppression HABT-C@HA, MFC [168,169] Catalytic ST PPGE NCs [50] Consumption of GSH, catalytic CDT, catalytic ST MPG [170] pH-response DOX@PCN-224/Pt NPs [171] Carry oxygen Reverse immunosuppression TL@HPN(PAI/USI), DMXAAS [172,173] ICG-DOX NPs/PFH@SP94-Lip, SAFE [174,175] Autogeneration of oxygen Chl (MChl) [176] Reduce HIF-1𝛼 M@C [73] Reduce HIF-1𝛼 Relieve hypoxia P-BTO [71] IR780@INPS-CTX, IRP-NPs [177,178] Hypoxia-response ZTC, MCA, C-TiO 2 /TPZ@CM [77,179,180] Catalytic CDT Cu-MOF NPs [75] CAT activity hMVS [78] On the other hand, the produced H 2 O 2 can be used as the substrate of CDT and catalase to catalyze the formation of ROS and oxygen. [56]…”

A small pore black TiO2/-large pore Fe3O4 cascade nanoreactor for chemodynamic/photothermal synergetic tumour therapy

“…16,17 Nanozymes, as a new generation of artificial enzymes, have attracted a lot of attention, showing potential for tumour catalytic therapy because of their heterogeneous enzyme-mimicking a Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Pharmaceutical activities, low cost, high stability, tunable specificity, and robust catalytic activity. [18][19][20][21] Notably, the biological activity of natural enzymes is inextricably linked to their spatial structure. Inspired by this finding, the catalytic performance of nanozymes also should be highly dependent on the rational chemical structure design of nanomaterials.…”