The direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the Latin American and Caribbean region (SIREVA 2006–17): a multicentre, retrospective observational study

Agudelo, Clara Inés; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos; Brandileone, Maria Cristina de Cunto; Echániz-Avilés, Gabriela; Almeida, Samanta Cristine Grassi; Carnalla-Barajas, María Noemí; Regueira, Mabel; Fossati, Sofía; Alarcón, Pedro; Araya, Pamela; Duarte, Carolina; Sánchez, Jacqueline; Novas, Mirna; Toraño-Peraza, Gilda; Rodríguez-Ortega, Misladys; Chamorro-Cortesi, Gustavo; Kawabata, Aníbal; García-Gabarrot, Gabriela; Camou, Teresa; Spadola, Enza; Payares, Daisy; Andrade, Ana Lúcia; Fabio, José Luís Di; Castañeda, Elizabeth; Corso, Alejandra; Gaguetti, Paula; Véliz, Omar; Pereira, Cecilia Sorhouet; Napoli, Daniela; Moscoloni, Maria Alicia; Guerra, Maria Luiza Leopoldo Silva; Bokermann, Sérgio; Prado, Lincoln S. do; Días, U J; Hormázabal, Juan Carlos; Rojas, B; Castro, Sonia; Ibanez, D Nieto; Fernández, Josefina; Sanabria, Olga; Moreno, Jaime; Alarcon, Zonia; Rodriguez, Mirna; Bautista, Analisa; Solis, L P; Apaza, D S; Capote, Miriam Abreu; Feris, Jesús M; Cedano, Doraliza; Soto-Noguerón, Araceli; Velázquez-Meza, María Elena; Hernández-Salgado, Margarita; León, María Eugenia; Nagai, Minako; Rojas, Liliana; Vega, Mariana López; Giffoni, Gabriel Pérez; Félix, Viviana

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30489-8

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, the data presented in this manuscript might serve as starting point to carry out a bigger study that can truly represent Colombian IPD. Furthermore, being a study in Colombia alone, it may not be replicable to other countries, although the major findings were similar to that of those previously published international studies [ 22 , 40 – 42 ]. Moreover, as it is a retrospective study, some information was missing from medical records, leading to an abnormal data distribution of some of the physiological variables and exclusion of several patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Invasive pneumococcal disease burden in hospitalized adults in Bogota, Colombia

et al. 2021

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Background The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) varies depending on a number of factors, including vaccine uptake, in both children and adults, the geographic location, and local serotype prevalence. There are limited data about the burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), serotype distribution, and clinical characteristics of adults hospitalized due to IPD in Colombia. The objectives of this study included assessment of Spn serotype distribution, clinical characteristics, mortality, ICU admission, and the need for mechanical ventilation. Methods This was an observational, retrospective, a citywide study conducted between 2012 and 2019 in Bogotá, Colombia. We analyzed reported positive cases of IPD from 55 hospitals in a governmental pneumococcal surveillance program. Pneumococcal strains were isolated in each hospital and typified in a centralized laboratory. This is a descriptive study stratified by age and subtypes of IPD obtained through the analysis of medical records. Results A total of 310 patients with IPD were included, of whom 45.5% were female. The leading cause of IPD was pneumonia (60%, 186/310), followed by meningitis. The most frequent serotypes isolated were 19A (13.87%, 43/310) and 3 (11.94%, 37/310). The overall hospital mortality rate was 30.3% (94/310). Moreover, 52.6% (163/310 patients) were admitted to the ICU, 45.5% (141/310) required invasive mechanical ventilation and 5.1% (16/310) non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion Pneumococcal pneumonia is the most prevalent cause of IPD, with serotypes 19A and 3 being the leading cause of IPD in Colombian adults. Mortality due to IPD in adults continues to be very high.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Since the introduction of the mandatory universal pneumococcal vaccination in children, IPD epidemiology has changed significantly worldwide, not only for children, but for adults [ 21 , 22 ]. Currently, studies are describing yearly increases in the incidence of IPD due to several non-vaccine serotypes [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invasive pneumococcal disease burden in hospitalized adults in Bogota, Colombia

et al. 2021

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“…when interpreting the estimated carriage duration for these serotypes. The implementation of higher-valency PCVs has led to remarkable changes in the pneumococcal populations in Sub Saharan Africa (35)(36)(37)(38) and globally (39)(40)(41)(42). Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of temporal carriage dynamics of pneumococcal serotypes in West Africa, which will enhance our understanding of the epidemiology in infants, an age group associated with the greatest risk of pneumococcal diseases and mortality, to inform future prevention and control strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carriage Dynamics of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Naturally Colonized Infants in a Rural African Setting During the First Year of Life

et al. 2021

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Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) carriage precedes invasive disease and influences population-wide strain dynamics, but limited data exist on temporal carriage patterns of serotypes due to the prohibitive costs of longitudinal studies. Here, we report carriage prevalence, clearance and acquisition rates of pneumococcal serotypes sampled from newborn infants bi-weekly from weeks 1 to 27, and then bi-monthly from weeks 35 to 52 in the Gambia. We used sweep latex agglutination and whole genome sequencing to serotype the isolates. We show rapid pneumococcal acquisition with nearly 31% of the infants colonized by the end of first week after birth and quickly exceeding 95% after 2 months. Co-colonization with multiple serotypes was consistently observed in over 40% of the infants at each sampling point during the first year of life. Overall, the mean acquisition time and carriage duration regardless of serotype was 38 and 24 days, respectively, but varied considerably between serotypes comparable to observations from other regions. Our data will inform disease prevention and control measures including providing baseline data for parameterising infectious disease mathematical models including those assessing the impact of clinical interventions such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.

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“…7 The assessment of PCV impact based on national passive surveillance systems is challenging due to timely and limited data availability, and heterogeneity in approach to case reporting and laboratory diagnosis of cases. 5,7 Since reporting to laboratory-based systems such as SIREVA is not compulsory in Latin American and Caribbean countries (except for pneumococcal meningitis), passive surveillance is likely to underestimate disease occurrence. 5 The purpose of this analysis was to compare the number of isolates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), specifically meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia, in children aged < 5 years reported in SIREVA data in six countries with the expected number of cases based on regional estimates of IPD incidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,7 Since reporting to laboratory-based systems such as SIREVA is not compulsory in Latin American and Caribbean countries (except for pneumococcal meningitis), passive surveillance is likely to underestimate disease occurrence. 5 The purpose of this analysis was to compare the number of isolates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), specifically meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia, in children aged < 5 years reported in SIREVA data in six countries with the expected number of cases based on regional estimates of IPD incidence. The goal of SIREVA was never to capture all cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-based surveillance in Latin America: attributes and limitations in evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine impact

Guevara¹,

Guzmán-Holst²

2021

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Disease surveillance data are needed to monitor trends in disease activity, inform decision-making in public health and evaluate disease prevention/control measures. The Sistema Regional de Vacunas (SIREVA) supports laboratory-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Latin American countries, providing information on identification, distribution, and anti-microbial susceptibility of pneumococcal strains. We estimated the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis and sepsis/bacteremia cases captured by SIREVA, by comparing the number of SIREVA-reported isolates in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico with the estimated expected number of cases based on regional estimates of disease incidence. In all six countries, the number of isolates reported by SIREVA was consistently lower than the number of cases expected, across all years with data available. The proportion of SIREVA-reported isolates was highest in Chile (43-83%) and lowest in Mexico (1.4-3.5%). Passive surveillance systems such as SIREVA are important tools for monitoring circulating strains that could be related to pneumococcal disease, but our results show that SIREVA is likely to underestimate pneumococcal disease incidence. This under-reporting will limit the precision of surveillance data in monitoring changes in the incidence of IPD after vaccine introduction, and this should be considered when assessing the impact of vaccination programs.

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The direct effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the Latin American and Caribbean region (SIREVA 2006–17): a multicentre, retrospective observational study

Cited by 33 publications

References 29 publications

Invasive pneumococcal disease burden in hospitalized adults in Bogota, Colombia

Invasive pneumococcal disease burden in hospitalized adults in Bogota, Colombia

Carriage Dynamics of Pneumococcal Serotypes in Naturally Colonized Infants in a Rural African Setting During the First Year of Life

Laboratory-based surveillance in Latin America: attributes and limitations in evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine impact

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