The direct spatial vectorcardiogram in the infant

Combined Hypertrophy

“…At 21 months of age the activation loop already »8 tie Padua, Combined Hypertrophy pointed downwards and to the left, with the centrifugal limh anteriorly situated. The sequence of the electrical tracings closely correlates with the well known anatomical evolution of the ventricles, and the ponderal relation RV/LV (7,11,22,32,33,33) thus strongly supporting our concept of combined hypertrophy.…”

Normal Frank vectorcardiogram in infancy and childhood.

“…Several authors have studied the evolution of the vectorcardiogram in infancy and childhood, as recorded with different lead systems (Namin et al, 1964;Rosen and Gardberg, 1957;Rothfeld et al, 1960;Wachtel et al, 1960;Calleja, Barker, and Kissane, 1961;Elek et al, 1953); in their reports emphasis was placed mainly on the shift in the direction and rotation of the QRS loop and the T vector in the horizontal plane, but detailed information regarding the changes in the planar and spatial magnitude was lacking. Also, to our knowledge, the normal evolution of the spatial QRS-T angle in infancy has not previously been described.…”

Regression of Right Ventricular Dominance in the Electrocardiogram After Birth: A Longitudinal Follow-Up of a Healthy Cohort from Birth to 3 Years

“…The vectorcardiographic follow-up studies on infants have shown that the QRS loop, which turns right and anteriorly in the horizontal plane with a clockwise loop during the newborn period, is later directed first left anteriorly and then left posteriorly, inscribing a counterclockwise direction during the first year of life. It has been reported that between these two periods, in which the dominance changes from right to left, there is a delay in the QRS loop between ages 1 and 6 months and that the loop inscribes a configuration of eight [4,8,15,19,22,24].…”