2020
DOI: 10.1177/2319714520972212
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The Directional Nature of Organizational Relationships and Their Effect on Individual Performance and Turnover

Abstract: The article identifies how differences in employee relationships with supervisors and co-workers affect employee performance and propensity to leave the organization. The study uses the leader–member exchange (LMX) and co-worker exchange (CWX) perspectives to understand these differences and the social capital theory to identify their impact, resulting in four relationship configurations with varying potential for success and vulnerability in organizations.

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Cited by 9 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Scholars differ in their opinions on how dynamic capabilities help organizations to become sustainable (Peteraf, 1993; Quttainah, & Said, 2021; Rana, 2021). Organizations do not want to alter their existing practices abruptly when the market environment changes; they try to address the situation with their existing resources while planning future business practices to achieve sustainable business growth (Ludwig & Pemberton, 2011).…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Scholars differ in their opinions on how dynamic capabilities help organizations to become sustainable (Peteraf, 1993; Quttainah, & Said, 2021; Rana, 2021). Organizations do not want to alter their existing practices abruptly when the market environment changes; they try to address the situation with their existing resources while planning future business practices to achieve sustainable business growth (Ludwig & Pemberton, 2011).…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the BOD has been suggested as a wellknown internal governance system to improve the firm performance (Mishra and Kapil, 2018). The BOD ensures that shareholders' and managers' interests are closely aligned and also help in disciplining or removing effective management teams (Quttainah and Said, 2021;Tan et al, 2019). However, following a succession of worldwide scams such as Enron and WorldCom and other financial crises, the board's efficiency in controlling the managers and reducing earning management (Al-Absy et al, 2019) has been heavily scrutinised (e.g.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, the BOD has been suggested as a well-known internal governance system to improve the firm performance (Mishra and Kapil, 2018). The BOD ensures that shareholders' and managers' interests are closely aligned and also help in disciplining or removing effective management teams (Quttainah and Said, 2021; Tan et al. , 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fourth, in an interactive expatriation environment, if expatriates can build and retain relationships with insiders and outsiders, they can tap into the social capital contained in those networks (Bayraktar, 2019). When expatriates have high social relationships, they will be good in LMX, making them easier to adjust (Quttainah & Said, 2021). POS is another essential factor in expatriate adjustment and performance.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%