The discovery of the Younger Dryas, and comments on the current meaning and usage of the term

Mangerud, Jan

doi:10.1111/bor.12481

Cited by 52 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We developed distribution models to map environmentally suitable conditions for Palaeolithic human occurrence in steps of 1,000 years from 5 ka to 31 ka and steps of 2,000 years from 32 ka to 47 ka. First, geo-references for human remains in the Arctic were collected and dates from 14 C calibrations inferred from two databases CARD2.0 (ref. 54 ) and the Palaeolithic of Europe 55 .…”

Section: Palaeoclimate Panels and Human Distribution Niche Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics

Wang

Pedersen

Alsos

et al. 2021

Nature

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127

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During the last glacial–interglacial cycle, Arctic biotas experienced substantial climatic changes, yet the nature, extent and rate of their responses are not fully understood1–8. Here we report a large-scale environmental DNA metagenomic study of ancient plant and mammal communities, analysing 535 permafrost and lake sediment samples from across the Arctic spanning the past 50,000 years. Furthermore, we present 1,541 contemporary plant genome assemblies that were generated as reference sequences. Our study provides several insights into the long-term dynamics of the Arctic biota at the circumpolar and regional scales. Our key findings include: (1) a relatively homogeneous steppe–tundra flora dominated the Arctic during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by regional divergence of vegetation during the Holocene epoch; (2) certain grazing animals consistently co-occurred in space and time; (3) humans appear to have been a minor factor in driving animal distributions; (4) higher effective precipitation, as well as an increase in the proportion of wetland plants, show negative effects on animal diversity; (5) the persistence of the steppe–tundra vegetation in northern Siberia enabled the late survival of several now-extinct megafauna species, including the woolly mammoth until 3.9 ± 0.2 thousand years ago (ka) and the woolly rhinoceros until 9.8 ± 0.2 ka; and (6) phylogenetic analysis of mammoth environmental DNA reveals a previously unsampled mitochondrial lineage. Our findings highlight the power of ancient environmental metagenomics analyses to advance understanding of population histories and long-term ecological dynamics.

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Section: Palaeoclimate Panels and Human Distribution Niche Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1b, c ). There was a substantial increase in the abundance of woody plants (such as Salix and Betula ), whereas the herbaceous diversity continued to decline, causing the overall diversity to reach its lowest point at the beginning of the cold Younger Dryas stadial (approximately 12.9–11.7 ka) 14 (Fig. 2a ).…”

Section: Circum-arctic Vegetation Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics

Wang

Pedersen

Alsos

et al. 2021

Nature

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127

160

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“…At present, Ouriakos is the only radiocarbon-dated Epipalaeolithic site known in Lemnos, attributed to the YD cold event (Mangerud, 2021). During this period, which is still poorly known in the Aegean and surrounding regions (Kaczanowska & Kozłowski, 2013, p. 18, and Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agia Marina and Peristereònas: Two New Epipalaeolithic Sites on the Island of Lemnos (Greece)

et al. 2022

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The surveys carried out along the coasts of the island of Lemnos (Greece) have led to the discovery of new Late Epipalaeolithic sites at Agia Marina and Peristereònas. Peristereònas yielded a knapped stone assemblage that is strictly comparable with that from Ouriakos, a site located along the south-eastern coast of the same island, while the artefacts from Agia Marina are more problematic to interpret because they are probably to be attributed to a slightly different period. However, the most characteristic artefacts recovered from the sites are represented by microlithic geometrics obtained by abrupt, bipolar, or direct retouch, end scrapers, and different types of exhausted cores and technical pieces, which help us reconstruct the operational sequence employed for the manufacture of the armatures. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the interpretation of the characteristics of the Late Epipalaeolithic assemblages discovered on the island and to frame them into the general picture of the end of the Pleistocene in this part of the Aegean. The artefacts from the sites show unique characteristics, without parallels to the knapped stone assemblages of the same period so far recovered along the coasts of the Aegean Sea, the eastern Mediterranean, the Levant, and the Black Sea.

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“…5). Our rationale for separating the two late-glacial lakes is based on our use of the YD as a chronostratigraphic unit (Mangerud, 2020). We have a radiocarbon date at 11.73 ka (Table 4), delimiting the younger boundary of the YD's chronostratigraphic definition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Dryas to early Holocene (12.9 to 8.1 ka) limnological and hydrological change at Barley Lake, California (northern California Coast Range)

Leidelmeijer¹,

Kirby²,

MacDonald³

et al. 2021

Quat. res.

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Paleoperspectives of climate provide important information for understanding future climate, particularly in arid regions such as California, where water availability is uncertain from year to year. Here, we present a record from Barley Lake, California, focusing on the interval spanning the Younger Dryas (YD) to the early Holocene (EH), a period of acute and rapid global climate change. Twelve radiocarbon dates constrain the timing between 12.9 and 8.1 ka. We combine a variety of sediment analyses to infer changes in lake productivity, relative lake level, and runoff dynamics. In general, the lake is characterized by two states separated by a <200-year transition: (1) a variably deep, lower-productivity YD lake; and (2) a two-part variably shallow, higher-productivity EH lake. Inferred EH winter-precipitation runoff reveals dynamic multidecadal-to-centennial-scale variability, in agreement with the EH lake-level data. The Barley Lake archive captures both hemispheric and regional signals of climate change across the transition, suggesting a role for both ocean-atmosphere and insolation forcing. Our paleoperspective emphasizes California's sensitivity to climate change and how that change can generate abrupt shifts in limnological regimes.

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The discovery of the Younger Dryas, and comments on the current meaning and usage of the term

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics

Late Quaternary dynamics of Arctic biota from ancient environmental genomics

Agia Marina and Peristereònas: Two New Epipalaeolithic Sites on the Island of Lemnos (Greece)

Younger Dryas to early Holocene (12.9 to 8.1 ka) limnological and hydrological change at Barley Lake, California (northern California Coast Range)

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