The discovery of two new divergent STLVs has implications for the evolution and epidemiology of HTLVs

Brussel, Marianne Van; Salemi, Marco; Liu, Hsin‐Fu; Goubau, Patrick; Desmyter, Jan; Vandamme, Anne‐Mieke

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199907/09)9:3<155::aid-rmv242>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…2). The WB pattern of these baboons is very similar to the WB patterns of captive baboons infected with STLV-L (29). In contrast, the tested seropositive anubis baboons and grivet monkeys exhibited a typical WB profile of STLV-1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

High Prevalence of Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type L in Wild Ethiopian Baboons

Takemura

Yamashita

Shimada

et al. 2002

J Virol

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

High Prevalence of Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type L in Wild Ethiopian Baboons

Takemura

Yamashita

Shimada

et al. 2002

J Virol

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“…Together with their related simian counterparts, HTLVs form the primate T-cell lymphotropic viruses (PTLV) lineages (Guo et al, 1984;Hunsmann et al, 1984). So far, four types of PTLVs have been discovered in primates (Slattery et al, 1999;Van Brussel et al, 1999;Calattini et al, 2005;Wolfe et al, 2005). While three of them, that is, PTLV-1, PTLV-2 and PTLV-3, comprise human and simian viruses (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and STLV-1, STLV-2, STLV-3 respectively) (Calattini et al, 2005), the fourth type (HTLV-4) consists only of one human strain (Wolfe et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tax protein from the primate T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 is expressed in vivo and is functionally related to HTLV-1 Tax rather than HTLV-2 Tax

et al. 2006

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Human T-cell leukemia virus and simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV) form the primate T-cell lymphotropic viruses group. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and type 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) encode the Tax viral transactivator (Tax1 and Tax2, respectively). Tax1 possesses an oncogenic potential and is responsible for cell transformation both in vivo and in vitro. We and others have recently discovered the existence of human Tcell lymphotropic virus type 3. However, there is currently no evidence for the presence of a Tax protein in HTLV-3-infected individuals. We show that the serum of an HTLV-3 asymptomatic carrier and the sera of two STLV-3-infected monkeys contain specific anti-Tax3 antibodies. We also show that tax3 mRNA is present in the PBMCs obtained from an STLV-3-infected monkey, demonstrating that Tax3 is expressed in vivo. We further demonstrate that Tax3 intracellular localization is very similar to that of Tax1 and that Tax3 binds to both CBP and p300 coactivators. Using purified Tax3, we show that the protein increases transcription from a 4TxRE G-free cassette plasmid in an in vitro transcription assay. In all cell types tested, including transiently transfected lymphocytes, Tax3 activates its own promoter STLV-3 long terminal repeat (LTR), which contains only two Tax Responsive Elements (TREs), and activates also HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 LTRs. In addition, Tax3 also activates the NF-jB pathway. We also show that Tax3 possesses a PDZ-binding sequence at its C-terminal end. Our results demonstrate that Tax3 is a transactivator, and that its properties are more similar to that of Tax1, rather than of Tax2. This suggests the possible occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders among HTLV-3-infected populations.

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“…In addition, the zoonotic relationship of this divergent virus to HTLV-2 is less clear than for PTLV-1 and -3. 12 Today humans are still hunting and butchering a wide diversity of primate species and the possibility of additional cross-species transfers has to be considered. 16,17 To better understand the simian reservoir of HTLV-2 and HTLV-4, and to document the wide diversity of STLVs to which humans are exposed through hunting and butchering, we investigated the diversity of STLV infection in nonhuman primate bushmeat from the DRC, home to a wide diversity of endemic primate species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Molecular Characterization of New Simian T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses in Nonhuman Primates Bushmeat from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Ahuka‐Mundeke

Mbala-Kingebeni

Liégeois

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. To assess the risk of cross-species transmissions of STLVs from nonhuman primates to humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a total of 330 samples, derived from primate bushmeat, were collected at remote forest sites where people rely on bushmeat for subsistence. STLV prevalences and genetic diversity were estimated by PCR and sequence analysis of tax-rex and LTR fragments. Overall, 7.9% of nonhuman primate bushmeat is infected with STLVs. We documented new STLV-1 and STLV-3 variants in six out of the seven species tested and showed for the first time STLV infection in C. mona wolfi, C. ascanius whitesidei, L. aterrimus aterrimus, C. angolensis, and P. tholloni. Our results provide increasing evidence that the diversity and geographic distribution of PTLVs are much greater than previously thought.

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The discovery of two new divergent STLVs has implications for the evolution and epidemiology of HTLVs

Cited by 29 publications

References 102 publications

High Prevalence of Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type L in Wild Ethiopian Baboons

High Prevalence of Simian T-Lymphotropic Virus Type L in Wild Ethiopian Baboons

The tax protein from the primate T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 is expressed in vivo and is functionally related to HTLV-1 Tax rather than HTLV-2 Tax

Identification and Molecular Characterization of New Simian T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses in Nonhuman Primates Bushmeat from the Democratic Republic of Congo

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