The discrepant effect of acute stress on cognitive inhibition and response inhibition

Kan, Yuecui; Xue, Wenlong; Zhao, Hanxuan; Wang, Xuewei; Guo, Xiaoyu; Duan, Haijun

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2021.103131

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…To differentiate the cognitive process during inhibitory control, inhibitory control can also be classified into two subcomponents-cognitive and response inhibitionsdepending on the cognitive process of different inhibition targets in inhibitory control tasks (Hung et al, 2018). Cognitive inhibition involves the suppression of competing cognitive processing to solve relevant problems, whereas response inhibition involves the suppression of a prepotent response or an already-initiated action to perform a different, more contextappropriate response (Sebastian et al, 2013a;Kan et al, 2021). The dissociation of cognitive inhibition and response inhibition may provide useful information to further understand different manifestations of inhibitory dysfunction, which will greatly benefit clinical research.…”

Section: Subcomponents Of Inhibitory Control and Its Neural Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural activation patterns of age in subcomponents of inhibitory control: A fMRI meta-analysis

Long

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Inhibitory control (IC) is a fundamental cognitive function showing age-related change across the healthy lifespan. Since different cognitive resources are needed in the two subcomponents of IC (cognitive inhibition and response inhibition), regions of the brain are differentially activated. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there is a distinct age-related activation pattern in these two subcomponents. A total of 278 fMRI articles were included in the current analysis. Multilevel kernel density analysis was used to provide data on brain activation under each subcomponent of IC. Contrast analyses were conducted to capture the distinct activated brain regions for the two subcomponents, whereas meta-regression analyses were performed to identify brain regions with distinct age-related activation patterns in the two subcomponents of IC. The results showed that the right inferior frontal gyrus and the bilateral insula were activated during the two IC subcomponents. Contrast analyses revealed stronger activation in the superior parietal lobule during cognitive inhibition, whereas stronger activation during response inhibition was observed primarily in the right inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and angular gyrus. Furthermore, regression analyses showed that activation of the left anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral insula, and left superior parietal lobule increased and decreased with age during cognitive inhibition and response inhibition, respectively. The results showed distinct activation patterns of aging for the two subcomponents of IC, which may be related to the differential cognitive resources recruited. These findings may help to enhance knowledge of age-related changes in the activation patterns of IC.

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Section: Subcomponents Of Inhibitory Control and Its Neural Correlatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct neural activation patterns of age in subcomponents of inhibitory control: A fMRI meta-analysis

Long

Song

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…YAs showed greater N2 modulation than OAs on both inhibition tasks, and OAs showed greater P3 modulation than YAs on the Go-NoGo task and at non-optimal testing times on the Flanker task. Prior research has shown that across Go-NoGo and Flanker tasks, the N2 reflects conflict monitoring and detection ( Nieuwenhuis et al, 2003 ; Donkers and van Boxtel, 2004 ), and the P3 differentially reflects response inhibition in the Go-NoGo task and interference resolution in the Flanker task ( Band and Van Boxtel, 1999 ; Kok et al, 2004 ; Kan et al, 2021 ). Furthermore, the differential modulation of N2 and P3 waves in OAs and YAs in our study was interpreted as reflecting age-related differences in the stages of inhibitory processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Flanker task, the N2 has been found to be larger in amplitude and longer in latency for incongruent than congruent trials ( Kopp et al, 1996a , b ; van Veen and Carter, 2002 ; Frühholz et al, 2011 ; Brydges et al, 2012 ; Mansfield et al, 2013 ). Prior research has shown that response inhibition and interference control share similar early cognitive processes ( Kan et al, 2021 ). As such, the N2 in Go-NoGo tasks reflects conflict arising from competition between the execution and inhibition of responses in Go vs. NoGo trials ( Nieuwenhuis et al, 2003 ; Donkers and van Boxtel, 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Flanker task, the P3 has a smaller amplitude ( Hsieh et al, 2012 ) and longer latency ( Wild-Wall et al, 2008 ; Hsieh and Fang, 2012 ) for Incongruent than Congruent trials. Recent ERP research by Kan et al (2021) demonstrated that response inhibition and interference control, assessed through a hybrid Go-NoGo Flanker task, share similar cognitive processes in the early stages (i.e., N2), but exhibit different temporal mechanisms in the later stages (i.e., P3) of inhibitory processing. More specifically, the Go-NoGo P3 reflects the actual process of response inhibition (i.e., active suppression of the motor response, Band and Van Boxtel, 1999 ; Kok et al, 2004 ) and the Flanker P3 reflects interference control and resolution needed to negotiate the conflict response demands of the target stimulus ( Van ’t Ent, 2002 ; Scrivano and Kieffaber, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Aging and Time of Day on Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study

Rabi

Chow

Paracha

et al. 2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Time of day (TOD) influences on executive functions have been widely reported, with greater efficiency demonstrated at optimal relative to non-optimal TOD according to one’s chronotype (i.e., synchrony effect). Older adults (OAs) show declines in inhibitory control and are more sensitive to the effects of circadian variation on executive functioning. To date, no studies have investigated the effects of TOD and aging on executive functioning using electrophysiological measures. The present study investigated the effects of aging and TOD on the neural correlates of inhibitory processing (N2 and P3) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Go-NoGo and Flanker tasks were administered to 52 OAs of morning chronotype and 51 younger adults (YAs) of afternoon-to-evening chronotype who were randomly assigned to morning or afternoon test sessions, with the optimal TOD for OAs in the morning and for YAs in the afternoon/evening. While behavioral results demonstrated no TOD effects, ERPs indicated synchrony effects. Both YAs and OAs showed greater modulation of Go-NoGo N2 and greater P3 amplitude during the non-optimal than optimal TOD, consistent with the synchrony effect. For the Flanker task, age differences in P3 amplitude were only apparent during the non-optimal TOD. These results suggest that processes associated with inhibitory control are differentially affected by TOD and aging, with age-related reductions in inhibitory efficiency during off-peak test times on measures of interference control. These findings highlight the sensitivity of ERPs to detect TOD effects in the absence of behavioral differences, confirm more pronounced TOD effects in OAs relative to YAs on ERP measures of interference control, and reinforce the need to assess and control for circadian typology in research studies.

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“…First, referring to stress theory (McEwen & Sapolsky, 1995), crisis-related environmental adversity exposure could elicit a reallocation of neurophysiological capacities that underpin children's EFs (Kan et al, 2021). Acute stress strengthens attention-related stress-response networks in the child's brain.…”

Section: Links Between Pandemic-related School Closures and Child Efsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functions in Children from Low-Income Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence of Multidirectional Changes

Busch¹,

Graf²,

Leyendecker³

2022

Preprint

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In a sample of 369 children from low-income neighborhoods in Germany (Mage = 8.49 years; 50.41% female), we (1) investigated changes in children’s executive functions (EFs) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) explored whether families’ nurturing care could protect children’s EFs. We repeatedly examined children before and after a six-month lockdown period with school closures in late 2020 and mid-2021. We used the Flanker/Reverse Flanker Task to assess subdomains of children’s EFs (cognitive flexibility, effortful inhibition, selective attention), and we asked home-room teachers about families’ capacities to provide nurturing care. Multi-level modeling showed that task performances requiring cognitive flexibility and effortful inhibition deteriorated throughout the lockdown period while selective attention improved. The deterioration in effortful inhibition occurred in children with lower levels of nurturing care only. Our study suggests multidirectional effects of pandemic-related adversity on the EFs of socioeconomically disadvantaged children. Future research should distinguish between the effects of environmental adversity on bottom-up versus top-down dominated EFs.

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The discrepant effect of acute stress on cognitive inhibition and response inhibition

Cited by 15 publications

References 103 publications

Distinct neural activation patterns of age in subcomponents of inhibitory control: A fMRI meta-analysis

Distinct neural activation patterns of age in subcomponents of inhibitory control: A fMRI meta-analysis

The Effects of Aging and Time of Day on Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study

Executive Functions in Children from Low-Income Neighborhoods During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence of Multidirectional Changes

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