The discrete element method (DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling: Case study of vibration damage during apple bulk transport

Zeebroeck, M. Van; Tijskens, Engelbert; Dintwa, E.; Kafashan, Jalal; Loodts, J.; Baerdemaeker, Josse De; Ramón, Herman

doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2006.02.006

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, although exocarp cell activity is considered to be a relevant component of fruit development (Gillaspy et al 1993;Lemaire-Chamley et al 2005;Fu et al 2010), it has generally not been considered in studies of fruit growth or with respect to genetically based size differences. Size has been found to be important for the interaction of fruits with environmental factors (Lescourret et al 2001;Zeebroeck et al 2006;Opara 2007;Wang et al 2009), which raises questions about whether or how the structure of the exocarp-considered the principal tissue involved in those interactions-varies in relation to fruit size. Considine and Brown (1981) used theoretical fruit growth calculations to determine that the internal forces generated by fruit expansion increase with greater fruit size, and they suggested that those forces directly influence the external fruit tissue structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

Hammami

Rapoport

2012

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Definitions of the cells that constitute the exocarp or exterior tissue of fleshy fruits are often vague, sometimes providing contradictory descriptions of the epidermis plus none or varying numbers of underlying cell layers for the same species. This study uses a morphometric approach to investigate how cell dimensions, cell number, and their relation with genetically based fruit size differences can contribute to a characterization of tissue organization in the external fruit region, using the olive drupe as an example. We determined cell area, radial and tangential widths, and cell number in the epidermis and 20 subepidermal cell layers of mature fruits of four olive cultivars that range in fruit size. Variation of these measurements among cell layers and the implied cellular contributions to fruit expansion revealed two different subepidermal regions, but with constant widths and layer numbers for all cultivars: (1) the first four cell layers (1-4), which have similar behavior to the epidermis; and (2) the following five cell layers (5-9), which are more similar to the mesocarp. The results provide new insights about cell patterns in the external region of the olive fruit and suggest that layers 1-4 together with the epidermis may act as a multiseriate exocarp and layers 5-9 may act as an outer mesocarp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

Hammami

Rapoport

2012

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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“…Moreover, Van Zeebroeck (2007) used the model of Kuwabara and Kono and had a great difficulty in obtaining the parameters due to the model complexity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van Zeebroeck (2007) also assessed the trend of simulated behavior in comparison to the real, i.e. how close the simulated behavior reached the real.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this case, the event 12 shown in Figure 12 was underestimated in 72.7% or 1.33 mm. Van Zeebroeck (2007) used the more complex Kuwabara-Kono model and obtained values overestimated in 2.5 mm, which is equivalent to variations of 100 to 300% in apples and tomatoes. Considering that the model is an adequate predictor, the spatial distribution of deformations is presented considering the position of spheres and peaches inside the box for a time interval of 7200 s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of Van Zeebroeck (2007) was the only one found in the literature that predicted the damage extension in spherical fruits conditioned in the box and submitted to cyclic loading, which evidences the lack of knowledge about fruit behavior at the time vibration occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deformation of Peaches Submitted to Cyclic Loading Using the Discrete Element Method

Pinto

Ferraz

2018

Eng. Agríc.

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This study aimed to use and validate a simple contact force model that describes the behavior of peaches stored in a wooden box, loaded cyclically, by using the discrete element method. The Kelvin-Voigt contact force model was used and the cyclic loading in the simulation was performed with an amplitude of 1 mm and frequency of 12 Hz for time intervals of 3600, 5400, and 7200 s. The laboratory test was performed with a peach box attached to a vibrating table by applying the same excitation conditions used in the simulation. For validation, model results were compared with those from the laboratory test by using deformation values of fruits in the contact regions. To measure this deformation, we adapted the methodology for determining the radius of curvature. The Kelvin-Voigt linear contact model, despite its simplicity in representing the viscoelastic behavior, adequately estimated the final deformation in peaches submitted to cyclic loading.

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Measurement and evaluation of the effect of vibration on fruits in transit—Review

et al. 2018

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Mechanical vibration is a prominent cause of produce damage in many postharvest fruit supply chains. Knowledge on the causes, occurrence, and mechanistic relationship of vibration to produce damage is important for systematic development of remedial actions. This review identifies and discusses the critical factors of vibration, their implications for fruit quality, and possible improvements to addressing the issue of fruit quality deterioration. Frequently reported mechanical damage types caused by vibration on fruits are scuffing, fruit rub, and skin bruising. A wide range of factors can significantly affect the vibration intensity and thus resultant mechanical damage. Critical frequencies of vibration in the range of 0 to 10 Hz, attributed to peak energy levels in the power spectrum, cause substantial damage in fruits. Greater vertical acceleration and transmission of vibration to the higher tiers in a stacked column of packages result in increased mechanical damage. Fruit packages stacked in the rear positions of trucks are also affected more by vibration. Produce transported in leaf spring trucks has a higher risk of damage when compared with air-ride suspension trucks. Additionally increased road roughness, vehicle speed, and duration of exposure to vibration proliferate fruit damage. The effects of different inner packing methods and different package types on mechanical damage are less frequently investigated. More accurate characterization of mechanical damage caused by vibration and shocks and its reproduction by enhanced simulation methods will contribute to optimizing damage prevention mechanisms and further improving the quality of fruits in transit within the postharvest supply chain.

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The discrete element method (DEM) to simulate fruit impact damage during transport and handling: Case study of vibration damage during apple bulk transport

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

Deformation of Peaches Submitted to Cyclic Loading Using the Discrete Element Method

Measurement and evaluation of the effect of vibration on fruits in transit—Review

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