The discrimination of 72 nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts using IR and Raman spectroscopy

Zapata, Félix; García-Ruiz, Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.058

Cited by 74 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…20 The new absorption peak appearing at 1381 and 576 cm −1 were assigned to the stretching vibration of NO 3− and Sm-N coordination bond, respectively. 21,22 The stretching vibration of the Si–O–Si appeared at 1097 cm −1 , which was consistent with that in Figure 4(a) and (b). The same results were observed in the FTIR spectrum of SAPS-Sm.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites

Zhang

2019

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Polysiloxane with amino group as the functional side chain was prepared via equilibrium polycondensation reaction. It was modified with salicylaldehyde and then incorporated with lanthanide ions (Dy3+ and Sm3+) to obtain two luminescent functionalized polysiloxane–lanthanide composite materials. The structures and properties of products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescent emission spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that two kinds of lanthanide ions were all incorporated successfully with the functionalized polysiloxanes. The coordination effect exists between the nitrogen atoms on the ligand and the lanthanide ions. In addition, the green and red light emissions that are characteristic of Dy3+ and Sm3+ were achieved.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites

Zhang

2019

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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“…This work particularly applies the capability of flow Raman selective analysis on the simultaneous detection of oxyanions, which are common compounds found in many industries that work with biomolecules production, enzymatic fermentation, mining residues, water and waste treatment, etc. The static Raman detection of oxyanions such as sulphate, nitrate, perchlorate, carbonate, thiosulphate, and chlorate, either as solid salts or in solutions, has been extensively reported in the literature [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, the simultaneous Raman detection of several oxyanions in flow solutions showed few advances along the years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Monitoring of Oxyanion Mixtures by a Flow System with Raman Detection

Zapata

Ortega-Ojeda

García-Ruiz

et al. 2018

Sensors

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Raman spectroscopy is a selective detection system scarcely applied for the flow analysis of solutions with the aim of detecting several compounds at once without a previous separation step. This work explores the potential of a portable Raman system in a flow system for the selective detection of a mixture of seven oxyanions (carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, chlorate, perchlorate, and thiosulphate). The specific bands of these compounds (symmetric stretching Raman active vibrations of carbonate at 1068 cm−1, nitrate at 1049 cm−1, thiosulphate at 998 cm−1, phosphate at 989 cm−1, sulphate at 982 cm−1, perchlorate at 935 cm−1, and chlorate at 932 cm−1) enabled their simultaneous detection in mixtures. Although the oxyanions’ limit of detection (LOD) was rather poor (in the millimolar range), this extremely simple system is very useful for the single-measurement detection of most of the oxyanions in mixtures, without requiring a previous separation step. In addition, quantitative determination of the desired oxyanion can be performed by means of the corresponding calibration line. These are important advantages for controlling in-line processes in industries like those manufacturing fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, or food, among others.

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“…Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies, when used in combination, can discriminate among some inorganic oxidizers; less so when the anion is the same and only the cation is different. 18 A range of additional analytical techniques have been used to demonstrate detection of potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, and organic fuels, including high-perfor- mance liquid chromatography/electro spray ionization quadru- pole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-QToFMS), 2 ion chromatography (IC)/MS, 3 gas chromatography (GC)/MS with trimethylsilyl derivatization, 6 and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). In addition, a range of additional mass spectrometry techniques have demonstrated fingerprinting, chemical imaging of spatial distributions, vapor detection, and discrimination of gunpowders, black powder, BPS, and their inorganic oxidizer components.…”

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Forensic Analysis and Differentiation of Black Powder and Black Powder Substitute Chemical Signatures by Infrared Thermal Desorption–DART-MS

Forbes

Verkouteren

2018

Anal. Chem.

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The trace detection and forensic analysis of black powders and black powder substitutes, directly from wipe-based sample collections was demonstrated using infrared thermal desorption (IRTD) coupled with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Discrete 15 s heating ramps were generated, creating a thermal desorption profile that desorbed more volatile species (e.g., organic and semivolatile inorganic compounds) at lower temperatures (250 °C to 400 °C) and nonvolatile inorganic oxidizers at high temperatures (450 °C to 550 °C). Common inorganic components of black powders (e.g., sulfur and potassium nitrate) as well as the alternative and additional organic and inorganic components of common black powder substitutes (e.g., dicyandiamide, ascorbic acid, sodium benzoate, guanidine nitrate, and potassium perchlorate) were detected from polytetrafluoroethylene- coated fiberglass collection wipes with no additional sample preparation. IRTD-DART-MS enabled the direct detection of intact inorganic salt species as nitrate adducts (e.g., [KClO4+ NO3]−) and larger clusters. The larger ion distributions generated by these complex mixtures were differentiated using principal component analysis (PCA) of the mass spectra generated at two points during the thermal desorption profile (low and high temperatures), as well as at high in-source collision induced dissociation (CID). The PCA framework generated by the analysis of two black powders and five black powder substitutes was used to classify samples collected from a commercial firecracker containing both flash powder and black powder. The coupling of IRTD-DART-MS and multivariate statistics demonstrated the powerful utility for detection and discrimination of trace fuel-oxidizer mixtures.

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The discrimination of 72 nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts using IR and Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites

Selective Monitoring of Oxyanion Mixtures by a Flow System with Raman Detection

Forensic Analysis and Differentiation of Black Powder and Black Powder Substitute Chemical Signatures by Infrared Thermal Desorption–DART-MS

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The discrimination of 72 nitrate, chlorate and perchlorate salts using IR and Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 74 publications

References 22 publications

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy3+ and Sm3+) composites

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy3+ and Sm3+) composites

Selective Monitoring of Oxyanion Mixtures by a Flow System with Raman Detection

Forensic Analysis and Differentiation of Black Powder and Black Powder Substitute Chemical Signatures by Infrared Thermal Desorption–DART-MS

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Product

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Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites

Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy³⁺ and Sm³⁺) composites