The discursive detachment of race from gentrification in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Valle, Melissa M.

doi:10.1080/01419870.2016.1274419

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Study participants decode existing cultural symbols of race in Colombian society captured by images that typify and conventionalize understandings of Blackness. Contrary to the prevailing belief that those in the region address issues of inequality by prioritizing a class analysis, almost to the complete exclusion of race, people regularly accept race as a salient category of difference in interpersonal social interactions (Valle 2018). Racial ideology in Colombia is a product of historical, transnational, and economic institutions like slavery and colonialism and is a relatively durable system of beliefs that explains how social arrangements in Colombia came to be and how they might evolve or be strengthened.…”

Section: Colombian Racial Ideologymentioning

confidence: 78%

“…I followed up with a series of questions about whom Amelia felt the collection of photographs represented: Amelia identifies with and finds legitimate the images because she is a woman from the Colombian Atlantic Coast and Blackness is typically attached to the region (Valle 2018;Wade 1993). Hailing from the coast of Colombia, with its extensive history of enslaving Africans and their descendants, means that there is a strong likelihood that Amelia has ancestors, distant or proximal, who hailed from sub-Saharan Africa within the last few centuries.…”

Section: Personal Schemamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The provenance of the blackface practice is uncertain to many who have both studied and witnessed it on the Colombian Atlantic Coast during carnival and the carnivalesque (Valle 2018).…”

Section: Spatiotemporal Schemamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aping Blackness: Reading and Evaluating Racialized Images in Cartagena, Colombia

Valle

2021

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Why are residents of a city racialized as Black overwhelmingly in favor of representations of Blackness that caricature Afro-descendants as subservient, hypersexual and licentious, jovial, uninhibited and libertine, primitive (folklorized), and violent? This article bridges the literatures on the sociology of culture and cognition, racial signification, and frame theory to explore the various sociomental lenses and schemata that people use to perceive racial symbols and evaluate their legitimacy. It uses semi-structured and open-ended photo-elicitation interviews, primarily with residents of a largely-Afro-descendant community in Cartagena, Colombia, to systematically generate a collection of readings and evaluations of racialized imagery, resulting in an empirical example of the socio-optical construction of race within the Colombian cultural context. These readings and evaluations of external cultural primers such as photographs of racialized performance and ritual reveal (1) how a Colombian Atlantic Coastal “optical community” connects the signifiers and signifieds of Blackness; (2) that racial frames evoke three primary schemas (personal, spatiotemporal, and explicitly ideological), which interpreters use to decode and evaluate images; (3) that interpreters read the racial frames transmitted by cultural producers (e.g., performance artists and festival goers) via the visual language of racialized imagery as collectively credible and/or personally salient, and that this visual resonance is how the racialized imagery gain legitimacy and; (4) that personal experience, cultural knowledge, and social location account for variations in whether people consider racialized imagery credible and salient and, as such, legitimate forms of recognition.

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Section: Colombian Racial Ideologymentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Personal Schemamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aping Blackness: Reading and Evaluating Racialized Images in Cartagena, Colombia

Valle

2021

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…These transformations have continued to take place through concerted efforts by local and state governments, the private sector, and international financial and cultural institutions like the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank and UNESCO. The rehabilitation of historic centers in cities like Cartagena, Colombia (Valle 2018), Quito, Ecuador (Carrión 2005), and Puebla, Mexico (Jones and Varley 1999), has been used as the crux of city- and country-wide revitalization efforts. These projects embody not just middle-class consumption and cultural preferences but the potential transformations of the reputations and economic structures of entire cities, nations, and regions.…”

Section: Insights From Southern Gentrification Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalizing the Sociology of Gentrification

Valle

2021

City & Community

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How can the gentrification scholarship of US urban sociologists be enhanced by expanding beyond the confines of the Global North to include empirical and theoretical analyses of Southern gentrifications? This article engages the debate around the utility of the gentrification concept outside of postindustrial Northern cities. It argues that, in contrast to geographers and other interdisciplinary urbanists, many US–based sociologists have unduly overlooked or minimized two aspects of gentrification that may be more clearly observed in the Global South: the roles of local political–economic forces and the state. This article also notes what the discipline of sociology can add to apt explorations of gentrification in the Global South. It marries the oft–disparate discourses of sociologists of gentrification primarily in North America and Western Europe with geographers and other urbanists conducting gentrification research in the Global South in order to globalize the sociology of gentrification.

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“…It would be incorrect to suggest that urban geographers have wholly neglected race or the gentrification of Black spaces. Geographers have noted the lack of engagement with race and difference broadly speaking in gentrification studies (among many others, Ghertner, 2015;Jackson, 2017;Valle, 2018). And there has been considerable work that specifically focuses on the process in Black majority neighbourhoods in the US.…”

Section: Gentrification Anti-blackness Uneven Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

W.E.B. Du Bois and the urban political economy tradition in geography

Hackworth

2021

Progress in Human Geography

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William Edward Burghardt Du Bois’s considerable contributions were actively diminished during his life and remain marginal in geography. This is unfortunate for urban geography, particularly its political economy wing, because his empirical and theoretical work offer an illuminating internal critique of modern debates in the field. This review essay attempts to initiate a wider dialogue about the potential value of Du Bois to the influential urban political economy paradigm in geography. Specifically, I adapt and apply Du Boisian definitions of racism to two literatures: the rise of neoliberalism and the significance of gentrification in Black spaces.

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The discursive detachment of race from gentrification in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Aping Blackness: Reading and Evaluating Racialized Images in Cartagena, Colombia

Aping Blackness: Reading and Evaluating Racialized Images in Cartagena, Colombia

Globalizing the Sociology of Gentrification

W.E.B. Du Bois and the urban political economy tradition in geography

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