The discursive “othering” of <scp>Jews</scp> and <scp>Muslims</scp> in the <scp>Britain First</scp> solidarity patrol

Burke, Shani

doi:10.1002/casp.2373

Cited by 25 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Burke (2018) identified similar discursive strategies in the discourse of far-right party Britain First, following terrorist attacks in Paris in 2015, restricting their Islamophobic discourse to “Islamic extremism.” This rhetorical device—rejecting Islam as an ideology rather than Muslims as a people—allows far right groups to project an identity as reasonable and rational, and their hostility morally justifiable.…”

Section: The Language Of Discrimination: Definition Contexts and Tamentioning

confidence: 92%

The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation

Cervone

Augoustinos

Maass

2020

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

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Over the last decades, the use of explicit derogatory language (e.g., hate speech, slurs, micro-insults) has risen in many countries. We provide an overview on blatant language discrimination, including its psychological antecedents and consequences. After presenting a working definition of derogatory language and describing its prevalence, we discuss the social functions it serves and the role it plays in identity protection, in legitimizing group hierarchies, and in establishing and enforcing group norms. Drawing from both the socio-cognitive and discursive traditions in social psychology, it is argued that the language people are exposed to and the language they employ, shape the way they think and construct reality. We also consider two ways in which targeted groups may respond to derogatory language, specifically confrontation and reappropriation. Finally, we address challenges for future research, in particular the need for more cross disciplinary research to ebb the growing proliferation of hate speech on digital media which has become a global international concern.

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Section: The Language Of Discrimination: Definition Contexts and Tamentioning

confidence: 92%

The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation

Cervone

Augoustinos

Maass

2020

Journal of Language and Social Psychology

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“…These studies have demonstrated that DP can provide significant contributions to contemporary understanding of political communication. We focused on two studies that analyse political discourse in current contexts: political debates on the European Union, a highly politicised point of debate in the UK, and far‐right discourse, focusing on how politicians achieve discursive ‘othering’ of Muslims in the aftermath of a terrorist attack (see also Burke, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying discursive psychology to ‘fact’ construction in political discourse

Burke

Demasi

2019

Social & Personality Psych

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In this paper, we show how discursive psychology can be used to show how 'facts' are used rhetorically by politicians.That is, they are more than neutral reflections of an objective reality-these 'facts' are highly attuned to the local context of political argumentation. We draw upon examples from two studies that used discursive psychology to analyse two different political contexts: (1) Islamophobia in the wake of the Charlie Hebdo attack and (2) debates over Great Britain and the European Union. In both contexts, the analysis uncovers how politicians challenge both the context and the relevance of a fact. The context of 'facts' is reconstructed to undermine their original argumentative strength, whereas questioning the relevance of a 'fact' undermines it both as fact and as a rhetorical tool to be used in a debate. These findings show how discursive psychology can contribute to knowledge about political communication, as well as the benefits of applying discursive psychology to political discourse. observable in interaction-they are designed to perform social actions (Edwards & Potter, 1992). One of the core features of political argumentation is the deployment of facts (Edelman, 1977). Discursive research into fact construction has a long history (for example, Ashmore, 1989;Latour & Woolgar, 1986), and the foundational text for discursive psychology (Edwards & Potter, 1992) often relies on examples of political discourse to make its illustrative points-particularly when making a case for a DP approach to fact construction. Fact construction has since featured in a number of DP works, including those looking at political topics (for example, Lynn & Lea, 2003). However, DP research that applies this to contemporary political issues-such as debating about the European Union-is still in its early stages. Demasi (2019) focused on the various strategies that politicians use to deploy and challenge 'facts' when debating the relationship between Great Britain and the EU, arguing that this use of facts also has a strong argumentative dimension. Similarly, the orientation to 'facts' as a rhetorical resource can be observed in the work of Burke (2017).The second aim of this paper is to demonstrate what DP has to offer to political psychology. Tileagă (2013) has argued for the importance of a critical political psychology, and in particular that DP has much to contribute. The papers discussed here are indicative of this critical political psychology, showing how qualitative methods in general and DP in particular can offer to the field of political psychology. Political psychology, although thriving, tends to focus on the more mainstream, quantitative, research methods and epistemology, usually at the expense of the more varied, nonquantitative, approaches (Tileagă, 2013). For example, Loza (2011) and Loza, Abd-El-Fatah, Prinsloo, Hesselink-Louw, and Seidler (2011) used questionnaires to research the pervasiveness of Middle Eastern extremist ideology on religious and cultural backgrounds. It can be viewed as a prototypic...

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“…A total of 426 Internet memes meeting the set criteria were collected (Finland First N = 209; Soldiers of Odin N = 217) from the public Facebook groups administered by the movements (Retrieved from: https://facebook.com/soldiersofodin/; https://facebook.com/Suomi-Ensin). Material was collected by taking screenshots using a scraping application in the web browser (see e.g., Burke, 2018). The material was collected from November 2017 to January 2018 and includes material posted from January 2015 to the collection date, so the research material reflects the time when the extreme movements were gaining attention in the context of the so-called "refugee crisis" in Finland (Wahlbeck, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persuasion Through Bitter Humor: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Rhetoric in Internet Memes of Two Far-Right Groups in Finland

Hakoköngäs

Halmesvaara

Sakki

2020

Social Media + Society

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This study focuses on the role of Internet memes in the communication of two far-right groups in Finland. The material consists of 426 memes posted by Finland First and the Soldiers of Odin between the years 2015 and 2017 on Facebook. Multimodal discourse analysis was applied to understand the contents, forms, and rhetorical functions communicated via the Internet memes. The analysis shows that the contents of the memes revolve around six themes: history, humor, mythology, symbols, news and mottos. By using Internet memes, the groups aim to construe a heroic imagined past, to lend legitimacy to the nationalist cause, to arouse moral anger and hate toward refugees, and to encourage the movements’ followers to fight. We argue that, for the extreme groups, Internet memes are tools to crystallize their arguments in an easily shareable and concise form, which makes the memes useful tools in persuasion and mobilization, as well as attracting new audiences.

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The discursive “othering” of Jews and Muslims in the Britain First solidarity patrol

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation

The Language of Derogation and Hate: Functions, Consequences, and Reappropriation

Applying discursive psychology to ‘fact’ construction in political discourse

Persuasion Through Bitter Humor: Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Rhetoric in Internet Memes of Two Far-Right Groups in Finland

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