The Disease-Modifying Role of Taurine and Its Therapeutic Potential in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Eijk, Larissa E. van; Offringa-Hup, Annette; Bernal, Maria-Elena; Bourgonje, Arno R.; Goor, Harry van; Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Alternatively, alterations in dietary intake and/or exercise regimens may drive the depletion in the levels of these amino acids in this population. It is worth noting that the depletion of taurine is a hallmark of COVID-19 disease severity [11], to the extent that taurine supplementation has been proposed as an adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19 [57]. Here, we show that circulating levels of taurine are restored to healthy control levels in post-COVID patients but not in PASC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

et al. 2022

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Exercise intolerance is a major manifestation of post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (PASC, or “long-COVID”). Exercise intolerance in PASC is associated with higher arterial blood lactate accumulation and lower fatty acid oxidation rates during graded exercise tests to volitional exertion, suggesting altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. It remains unclear whether the profound disturbances in metabolism that have been identified in plasma from patients suffering from acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also present in PASC. To bridge this gap, individuals with a history of previous acute COVID-19 infection that did not require hospitalization were enrolled at National Jewish Health (Denver, CO, USA) and were grouped into those that developed PASC (n = 29) and those that fully recovered (n = 16). Plasma samples from the two groups were analyzed via mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and compared against plasma metabolic profiles of healthy control individuals (n = 30). Observational demographic and clinical data were retrospectively abstracted from the medical record. Compared to plasma of healthy controls or individuals who recovered from COVID-19, PASC plasma exhibited significantly higher free- and carnitine-conjugated mono-, poly-, and highly unsaturated fatty acids, accompanied by markedly lower levels of mono-, di- and tricarboxylates (pyruvate, lactate, citrate, succinate, and malate), polyamines (spermine) and taurine. Plasma from individuals who fully recovered from COVID-19 exhibited an intermediary metabolic phenotype, with milder disturbances in fatty acid metabolism and higher levels of spermine and taurine. Of note, depletion of tryptophan—a hallmark of disease severity in COVID-19—is not normalized in PASC patients, despite normalization of kynurenine levels—a tryptophan metabolite that predicts mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, PASC plasma metabolites are indicative of altered fatty acid metabolism and dysfunctional mitochondria-dependent lipid catabolism. These metabolic profiles obtained at rest are consistent with previously reported mitochondrial dysfunction during exercise, and may pave the way for therapeutic intervention focused on restoring mitochondrial fat-burning capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

et al. 2022

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“…It is hypothesized that early taurine administration during COVID-19 onset can halt cytokine storms, reducing morbidity and mortality. Overall, taurine seems to be a promising supplementary therapeutic option in COVID-19 [133,134], although clinical trials are necessary to confirm its effectiveness against this disease.…”

Section: Taurinementioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Diet and Supplements Reduced COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities (Part 2: Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Successful Intervention)

Mulijono,

Hutapea,

Lister

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The potential advantages of plant-based interventions in decreasing the incidence and lessening the severity and mortality of COVID-19 are yet to be widely acknowledged. Nevertheless, recent investigations propose that these interventions could be effective. Our recent publication (part one) features an interventional study in which we incorporated plant-based foods and provided supplementation to 3470 elderly COVID-19 patients with multiple comorbidities. We pay close attention to the precise selection of food items, the application of appropriate processing methods, and the provision of nourishing meals to our patients. Our outcome was highly successful as we achieved a zero mortality rate, and none of our patients experienced worsening conditions or required hospitalization. This second paper presents our theoretical framework on the mechanisms through which plant-based and supplement interventions can mitigate disease severity and mortality. However, only very recently have experts validated our hypotheses. The measures and methods used to address the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic through plant-based interventions and supplements are effective and may help prevent or manage future pandemics.

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“…Notable among the metabolites interacting with IL6 is taurine, an amino sulfonic acid involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, which is known to play an important role in COVID-19. Taurine levels have been reported to decrease in COVID-19 patients which potentially modulates disease progression via its antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vascular-related effects ( van Eijk et al, 2022 ). Other metabolites interacting with IL6 included serotonin, a neurotransmitter, known to play important roles in the immune system and in regulating inflammatory responses ( Eteraf-Oskouei and Najafi, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network-based integrative multi-omics approach reveals biosignatures specific to COVID-19 disease phases

Agamah,

Ederveen,

Skelton

et al. 2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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BackgroundCOVID-19 disease is characterized by a spectrum of disease phases (mild, moderate, and severe). Each disease phase is marked by changes in omics profiles with corresponding changes in the expression of features (biosignatures). However, integrative analysis of multiple omics data from different experiments across studies to investigate biosignatures at various disease phases is limited. Exploring an integrative multi-omics profile analysis through a network approach could be used to determine biosignatures associated with specific disease phases and enable the examination of the relationships between the biosignatures.AimTo identify and characterize biosignatures underlying various COVID-19 disease phases in an integrative multi-omics data analysis.MethodWe leveraged a multi-omics network-based approach to integrate transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and lipidomics data. The World Health Organization Ordinal Scale WHO Ordinal Scale was used as a disease severity reference to harmonize COVID-19 patient metadata across two studies with independent data. A unified COVID-19 knowledge graph was constructed by assembling a disease-specific interactome from the literature and databases. Disease-state specific omics-graphs were constructed by integrating multi-omics data with the unified COVID-19 knowledge graph. We expanded on the network layers of multiXrank, a random walk with restart on multilayer network algorithm, to explore disease state omics-specific graphs and perform enrichment analysis.ResultsNetwork analysis revealed the biosignatures involved in inducing chemokines and inflammatory responses as hubs in the severe and moderate disease phases. We observed distinct biosignatures between severe and moderate disease phases as compared to mild-moderate and mild-severe disease phases. Mild COVID-19 cases were characterized by a unique biosignature comprising C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 (CCL4), and Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1). Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), Matrix Metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12), Interleukin 10 (IL10), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1), and suberoylcarnitine form hubs in the omics network that characterizes the moderate disease state. The severe cases were marked by biosignatures such as Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1), Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2), HGF, taurine, lysophosphatidylcholine, diacylglycerol, triglycerides, and sphingomyelin that characterize the disease state.ConclusionThis study identified both biosignatures of different omics types enriched in disease-related pathways and their associated interactions (such as protein-protein, protein-transcript, protein-metabolite, transcript-metabolite, and lipid-lipid interactions) that are unique to mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 disease states. These biosignatures include molecular features that underlie the observed clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 and emphasize the need for disease-phase-specific treatment strategies. The approach implemented here can be used to find associations between transcripts, proteins, lipids, and metabolites in other diseases.

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The Disease-Modifying Role of Taurine and Its Therapeutic Potential in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Cited by 9 publications

References 135 publications

Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

Signatures of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impaired Fatty Acid Metabolism in Plasma of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

Plant-Based Diet and Supplements Reduced COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in Elderly Patients with Multiple Comorbidities (Part 2: Exploring the Underlying Mechanisms of Successful Intervention)

Network-based integrative multi-omics approach reveals biosignatures specific to COVID-19 disease phases

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