The "disease-prone personality": A meta-analytic view of the construct.

Frıedman, Howard S.; Booth-Kewley, Stephanie

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.42.6.539

Cited by 577 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In general, the most salient finding was that high negative affect was independently associated with an increased risk of a broad range of physical disorders, and these associations changed little after taking into account the effects of concurrent positive affect, sociodemographic covariates, and comorbid mental disorders. These findings are congruent with previous investigations examining the relationship between negative emotions in general and adverse health conditions (e.g., Friedman & Booth-Kewley, 1987;Scheier & Bridges, 1995;Suls & Bunde, 2005). For example, in Friedman and Booth-Kewley's (1987) well-known metaanalysis, weak but consistent associations emerged between negative emotions and conditions such as coronary heart disease, asthma, ulcers, arthritis, and headaches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations Between Positive and Negative Affect and 12-Month Physical Disorders in a National Sample

Weiser

2012

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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Associations between positive and negative affect and a range of 12-month physical disorders were investigated in the Midlife Development in the United States Survey, a nationally representative sample of 3,032 adults ages 25-74. These associations were examined, controlling for relevant sociodemographic and psychiatric covariates. High positive affect was associated with decreased risk of physical disorders, whereas high negative affect was associated with increased risk. However, associations between positive affect and physical disorders were partially attenuated following adjustment for concurrent negative affect. Additionally, high affect balance was associated with decreased risk of physical disorders before and after adjustments. These findings underscore the relevance of affective disposition in health status, suggesting that both positive and negative affect may serve as viable health risk parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations Between Positive and Negative Affect and 12-Month Physical Disorders in a National Sample

Weiser

2012

J Clin Psychol Med Settings

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“…From the ancient Roman poet Juvenal who declared, "A healthy mind in a healthy body," to early 20th century psychoanalysts who investigated the connection between mental states and physiology (Menninger & Menninger, 1936), and to researchers in the late 20th century seeking to identify disease-prone personalities (H. S. Friedman & Booth-Kewley, 1987;Rosenman et al, 1964), the complex relationship between psychological attributes and physical ailments has been the subject of fascination across time. Although past research has predominantly focused on the relationship between poor psychological functioning (e.g., anxiety, depression, hostility) and physical health, increasing research also suggests that a protective relationship exists between positive psychological functioning and physical health (Diener & Chan, 2011;Pressman & Cohen, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The heart's content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health.

Boehm

Kubzansky

2012

Psychological Bulletin

749

698

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This review investigates the association between positive psychological well-being (PPWB) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We also consider the mechanisms by which PPWB may be linked with CVD, focusing on the health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep quality and quantity, and food consumption) and biological functions (e.g., cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic processes) that are most relevant for cardiovascular health. Because PPWB is a broad concept, not all aspects of PPWB may be associated with cardiovascular health. Thus, we distinguish between eudaimonic well-being, hedonic well-being, optimism, and other measures of well-being when reviewing the literature. Findings suggest that PPWB protects consistently against CVD, independently of traditional risk factors and ill-being. Specifically, optimism is most robustly associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. In general, PPWB is also positively associated with restorative health behaviors and biological function and inversely associated with deteriorative health behaviors and biological function. Cardiovascular health is more consistently associated with optimism and hedonic well-being than with eudaimonic well-being, although this could be due in part to more limited evidence being available concerning eudaimonic well-being. Some similarities were also evident across different measures of PPWB, which is likely due to measurement overlap. A theoretical context for this research is provided, and suggestions for future research are given, including the need for additional prospective investigations and research that includes multiple constructs of psychological well-being and ill-being.Keywords: cardiovascular disease, health behaviors, biological function, eudaimonic well-being, hedonic well-being Scholars have long recognized the connection between mental health and physical health. From the ancient Roman poet Juvenal who declared, "A healthy mind in a healthy body," to early 20th century psychoanalysts who investigated the connection between mental states and physiology (Menninger & Menninger, 1936), and to researchers in the late 20th century seeking to identify disease-prone personalities (H. S. Friedman & Booth-Kewley, 1987;Rosenman et al., 1964), the complex relationship between psychological attributes and physical ailments has been the subject of fascination across time. Although past research has predominantly focused on the relationship between poor psychological functioning (e.g., anxiety, depression, hostility) and physical health, increasing research also suggests that a protective relationship exists between positive psychological functioning and physical health (Diener & Chan, 2011;Pressman & Cohen, 2005). Because the effects of psychological well-being and psychological ill-being are not merely opposites of one another and the absence of one does not necessarily indicate the presence of the other (Ryff et al., 2006;Ryff & Singer, 1998), it is critical to consider each separately in rel...

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“…Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease 423 death Friedman and Booth-Kewley 1987;Miller, Smith et al 1996).…”

Section: Hostilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors have emphasized the relevance of higher cynical hostility (Chaput, Adams et al 2002). Various studies and metaanalyses have supported the role of hostility in increasing the risk of CHD and even cardiac www.intechopen.comAnger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease 423 death Friedman and Booth-Kewley 1987;Miller, Smith et al 1996).A variety of instruments have been used to evaluate hostility and the differences among them indicate the distinction among the subjacent concepts.The Cook and Medley Hostility scale (CMHS, or Ho scale) consists of 50 items taken from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to be answered true or false. CMHS can be interpreted as a measure of cynicism and distrust (Smith, Glazer et al 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

Torquato¹,

Souza²,

Iosifescu³

et al. 2012

Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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The mix of concepts: Hostility, anger, aggression and other negative affectOver the past decades, a large number of studies have investigated the association between negative affect and coronary heart disease (CHD). Many were cross-sectional case-control studies, which have been criticized for the recall bias of the CHD diagnosis and for the memory distortion (Chida and Steptoe 2009). More recently, several prospective longitudinal studies with more rigorous methodology have also been developed. Notwithstanding, results from this studies are not homogeneous, with both positive and negative results. Although more rigorous in their methodology, the prospective studies use www.intechopen.com Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Factors 416 diverse and partially overlapping concepts to define negative affect associated with CHD (Table 1). Since each study analyzes only a single psychological construct at a time and since these concepts are only partially overlapping, it is not surprising to note the conflicting results in the literature. In addition, the single-factor approach ignores the clustering of psychosocial risk factors for physical disease, which may act synergistically (Suls and Bunde 2005). Another view, from a twin-designed study, is that some of this negative affect concepts may have a single common genetic factor and a nonshared environmental factor, i.e., enviroments uncorrelated between twins, such as accidents. (Raynor, Pogue-Geile et al. 2002). Type Some authors have proposed that anger, hostility and aggression should be considered a syndrome and other include anger and hostility in the concept of aggression. For others, hostility is characterized by interrelated elements of cynical beliefs and attributions, angry emotional states, and aggressive or antagonistic behaviors. Martin et al. advocate for the standardization of these concepts emphasizing that anger corresponds to affect, aggression to behavior, and hostility (or cynicism) to cognition. Together the three constructs form a three-factor "ABC" model of trait anger (Martin, Watson et al. 2000).Aside from hostility, anger and aggression, VE and distressed personality are more complex concepts. Although they overlap partially, these constructs include specific patterns and aspects not captured by general scales for hostility, anger and aggression. Last but not least, the concept of negative affectivity posits that these symptoms represent markers of a trait www.intechopen.com Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease 417 characterized by hypersensitivity to negative stimuli (Watson and Clark 1984) and the concept of negative emotions postulate the existence of a continuum across these affective states. Depression: The mix beyond the negative affectsBeyond negative affect, depression and, secondarily, anxiety have the strongest evidence for associations with CHD, even after controlling for traditional CHD risk factors, such as serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and smoking. Intriguingly, as it ...

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The "disease-prone personality": A meta-analytic view of the construct.

Cited by 577 publications

References 36 publications

Associations Between Positive and Negative Affect and 12-Month Physical Disorders in a National Sample

Associations Between Positive and Negative Affect and 12-Month Physical Disorders in a National Sample

The heart's content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health.

Anger, Hostility and Other Forms of Negative Affect: Relation to Cardiovascular Disease

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