The Disproportionate Cost of Smoking for African Americans in California

Max, Wendy; Sung, Hai‐Yen; Tucker, Lue-Yen; Stark, Brad

doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.149542

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results seem consistent with the observation that smoking cessation rates were higher among whites than African–Americans in recent years (6.0% vs 3.3% in 2010) 54. Given that African–Americans suffer a disproportionate burden of smoking-attributable mortality and healthcare costs,17 other non-price tobacco control programmes tailored to African–American smokers are needed to increase their cessation rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsiveness to cigarette prices by different racial/ethnic groups of US adults

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of cigarette prices on adult smoking for four US racial/ethnic groups: whites, African–Americans, Asians and Hispanics.MethodsWe analysed pooled cross-sectional data from the 2006/2007 and 2010/2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n=339 921 adults aged 18+) and cigarette price data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco. Using a two-part econometric model of cigarette demand that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, state-level antismoking sentiment, local-level smoke-free air laws and monthly indicator, we estimated for each racial/ethnic group the price elasticities of smoking participation, smoking intensity and total demand for cigarettes.ResultsSmoking prevalence for whites, African–Americans, Asians and Hispanics during the study period was 18.3%, 16.1%, 8.2% and 11.3%, respectively. The price elasticity of smoking participation was statistically significant for whites, African–Americans, Asians and Hispanics at −0.26, –0.10, −0.42 and −0.11, respectively. The price elasticity of smoking intensity was statistically significant among whites (−0.22) and African–Americans (−0.17). Overall, the total price elasticity of cigarette demand was statistically significant for all racial/ethnic groups: 0.48 for whites, −0.27 for African–Americans, −0.22 for Asians and −0.15 for Hispanics.ConclusionsOur results suggest that raising cigarette prices, such as via tobacco tax increases, would result in reduced cigarette consumption for all racial/ethnic groups. The magnitude of the effect and the impact on cessation and reduced smoking intensity differ across these groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responsiveness to cigarette prices by different racial/ethnic groups of US adults

et al. 2017

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“…Intensifying this issue, the has literature suggested that African Americans suffer a disproportionate burden of smoking-in California, African Americans accounted for 6% of the adult population, but they accounted for over 8% of smoking-attributable healthcare expenditures and 13% of smoking-attributable mortality costs. 40 Therefore, for a variety of reasons, it is essential to increase smoking cessation rates, especially among African Americans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

Keeler

Max

Yerger

et al. 2016

NICTOB

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Introduction: Few studies have examined the relationship between menthol use and smoking cessation across various racial/ethnic groups; the findings were mixed. This study explored the association of menthol cigarette use with quit attempts, smoking cessation, and intention-to-quit among US adults and by race/ethnicity. Methods: Using the 2006Using the /2007Using the and 2010Using the /2011 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey data, this study analyzed 54 448 recent active smokers, defined as current smokers or former smokers who quit less than 12 months ago. Three behaviors were examined: any quit attempts in the past 12 months, successful cessation for ≥3 months, and intention-to-quit smoking in the next 6 months. For each cessation behavior, multiple logistic regression models were estimated separately for the full-sample and stratified racial/ethnic subsamples. Results: While 72.3% of African American recent active smokers typically smoked menthol cigarettes, this proportion was 21.7%, 21.5%, and 28.0% for whites, Asians, and Hispanics, respectively. African American menthol smokers had higher odds of quit attempts compared to non-African American, non-menthol smokers (full-sample analysis), as well as African American non-menthol smokers (subsample analysis). Menthol use was not significantly associated with quit attempts in other racial/ethnic subsamples. There was no significant difference in either successful cessation or intention-to-quit between menthol and non-menthol smokers. Conclusions: African American menthol smokers were more likely to attempt to quit smoking than non-menthol smokers but these quit attempts did not translate into successful cessation. This study revealed no association of menthol use with quit attempts, successful cessation, and intention-to-quit among other racial/ethnic groups. Implications: The findings suggested that African American menthol smokers were more motivated to quit smoking; yet, the results also indicated no significant differences in successful cessation between African American menthol and non-menthol smokers. Interventions targeting menthol smokers within the African American community may help bridge this gap. While more

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“…Smoking-attributable healthcare expenditures for adults aged 18 years and older were estimated with the econometric models that Max and colleagues have developed and refined over the past 2 decades 22 23. The models use a prevalence-based annual cost approach and an excess cost methodology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of changes in tobacco control funding on healthcare expenditures in California, 2012–2016

2012

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The Disproportionate Cost of Smoking for African Americans in California

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Responsiveness to cigarette prices by different racial/ethnic groups of US adults

Responsiveness to cigarette prices by different racial/ethnic groups of US adults

The Association of Menthol Cigarette Use With Quit Attempts, Successful Cessation, and Intention to Quit Across Racial/Ethnic Groups in the United States

The impact of changes in tobacco control funding on healthcare expenditures in California, 2012–2016

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