Strategic foresight deals with the long term future and is a transdisciplinary exercise which, among other aims, addresses the prioritization of science and other decision making in science and innovation advisory and funding bodies. This article discusses challenges in strategic foresight in relation to transdisciplinarity based on empirical as well as theoretical work in technological domains. By strategic foresight is meant future oriented, participatory consultation of actors and stakeholders, both within and outside a scientific community. It therefore allows multiple stakeholders to negotiate over how to attain a desirable future. This requires creative thinking from the participants, who need to extend their knowledge into the uncertainty of the future. Equally important is skilled facilitating in order to create a space for dialogue and exploration in a contested territory. Although strategic foresight has now been widely accepted for strategy-making and priority-setting in science and innovation policy, the methodologies underpinning it still need further development. Key findings are the identification of challenges, aspects and issues related to management and facilitation of strategic foresight exercises in complex systemic contexts that transcend science in relation to both the persons and problems involved.
IntroductionS trategic orientation and priority setting in science and innovation are high on the political agenda. One key issue concerns the involvement of non-academic stakeholders in discussions on governments' strategic research initiatives. Another key issue is the emphasis on long-term societal interests and future possibilities for innovation, i.e. the 'societal relevance of science', at the expense of more purely scientific criteria, with their focus on the scientist's historical scientific qualifications and achievements, i.e. the 'quality of science'. This calls for a transdisciplinary approach to science and innovation based on an exhaustive contextual understanding of interplay, divergences and relationships between stakeholders and methods for transparent strategic priority setting in research. One of the approaches is the concept of strategic foresight. Strategic foresight works systematically with a long-term perspective on societal needs and emerging research in science and technology, as well as systematically approaching the wider inclusion of creative and innovative stakeholders in strategyand priority-setting processes. Methods for foresight have been developed over a long period of time, and their use in strategy making and in priority setting in science and innovation has become more important as the knowledge base for new technologies and their application are becoming more transdisciplinary. Strategic foresight is not only a method for dealing with the future in strategy processes, but also a tool for developing ideas to work on emerging technologies, which makes it relevant for other practitioners working with creativity and innovation.In this light, the aim of this arti...