The dissemination of COVID-19: an expectant and preventive role in global health

Abstract

Coronaviruses (CoV) make up a large family of viruses, known since the mid-1960s, which received this name due to the spikes on its surface, which resemble a crown (from the Latin corona). CoV infections can cause everything from a common cold to severe respiratory syndromes, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). COVID-19 is a new variant of the coronavirus, and its isolation occurred in China on January 7th, 2020. COVID-19 has stood out with a high impact on public health due to the high number of cases with infection in a short period of time. However, it is possible to observe that 17% of patients confirmed with COVID-19 have severe infections and about 2.5% of these patients die. Current studies have shown that the number of mild and asymptomatic cases may be even greater. Thus, the challenges for controlling unreported cases of patients with mild symptoms that are spreading the virus and interfering with the magnitude and real data of the cases stand out. The transmission of the coronavirus occurs between humans, and it can occur from person to person through the air, through coughing or sneezing, by touching or shaking hands or by contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, followed by contact with the mouth, nose or eyes. Given the fluctuation in the incidence and the lethality rate, it is essential to stand out the precepts of health promotion in search of reorienting hygiene practices, considering that there is validity in health care models, still with a curative approach and the current situation experienced by the world population requires a preventive stance.

COVID-19: a pandemic to tourism guest-host relationship in India

“…The testing situations (critical/emergency/pandemic) evoke escalated emotions among people and urge a sense of survival where suddenly they shift in thinking of saving themselves first and a sense of mistrust begins to grow (Bramwell, 2003;Rofes, 2013;Ehrenfeld and Hoffman, 2013;Alvarez and Campo, 2014;Stepchenkova et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020;Cheer, 2020). Moreover, in the current COVID-19 situation where the disease is highly communicable (Serra Valdé s, 2020; Gö ssling et al, 2020; Díaz-Castrill on and Toro-Montoya, 2020; Pimentel et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2020), the tourists in many areas are seen as "outsiders" and potential threats/carriers of the disease and hence a significant mistrust develops among the hosts toward the tourists that could be coupled with other underlying cultural/ racial biases or prejudices (Hall et al, 2020) that further deteriorates the guest-host relationship similarly depicted from the excerpt mentioned above (T21) while it is happening in many countries against Chinese nationals or racially similar people where people perceive and link this spread being originated from China thereby influencing its tourism industry at large level (Phillips and Killingray, 2003;Novelli et al, 2018;Mao et al, 2020). In addition, the prevention measures against this pandemic (COVID-19) suggest social distancing among people that further deteriorates the interaction of guests-host thus widening the gap.…”

Diagnóstico da COVID-19: importância dos testes laboratoriais e dos exames de imagem

“…Xiang et al, (Lippi et al, 2020), ALT e AST (Mardani et al, 2020), LDH (Pimentel et al, 2020), LDL (Vuorioet al, 2020) e albumina (Jiang et al, 2020).…”

Análise do Cenário do Fogo e da COVID-19 em Terras Indígenas com Contratação de Brigadas Florestais em 2020

“…O vírus do SARS-CoV-2 é o sétimo coronavírus humano (Pimentel et al, 2020) altamente patogênico e com transmissibilidade particular; portanto, o vírus se dissemina de pessoa a pessoa, por gotículas respiratórias, contato direto com secreções infectadas e por aerossóis gerados por procedimentos terapêuticos (Martins-Filho, 2020). Superfícies e objetos também são transmissores do vírus após o contato direto das mãos que, em sequência, tocam a boca, nariz ou os olhos .…”

“…As principais consequências da contaminação são infecções respiratórias (Pimentel et al, 2020) que podem resultar em pneumonias, tosse seca, febre, falta de ar e fadiga. A maior parte dos contagiados tem sintomas leves, mas há risco de morte, principalmente para as pessoas de riscoidosos, diabéticos, hipertensos, cancerosos, doentes crônicos, renais e obesos (Pinheiro, 2020).…”