The dissociative mechanism of change in wilderness and adventure therapy; Psychological harm and possible malpractice
Graham Pringle,
Soren Dubon,
Jamie Mater
et al.
Abstract:Wilderness and adventure therapy (WT, AT) have employed cognitive or adaptive dissonance and involuntary treatment for decades. Cognitive dissonance occurs when people are faced with situations that do not confirm their expectations. Past WT participants have protested that involuntary, inescapable and harsh conditions harmed them through PTSD and dissociation. We compare dissonance and dissociation using a critical realist and argumentative research process using publicly available data. We argue that dissoci… Show more
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