The dissolution of atoms from steps on a metal surface

Howard, D.; Pyle, Thomas E.

doi:10.1080/14786436608224283

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Plastic strain at the crack tip will enhance the rate of metal dissolution and also the rate of hydrogen evolution (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). The effect on the metal dissolution rate depends on whether the metal surface is filmed or not.…”

Section: Effect Of Strainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Crack Electrochemistry for Steels in the Active State Based on Mass Transport by Diffusion and Ion Migration

Turnbull

Thomas

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A model of the electrochemical conditions in a static crack has been developed for steel in the active state based on the steady-state mass transport of species by diffusion and ion migration. The main reactions considered were anodic dissolution, hydrolysis of ferrous ions, and cathodic reduction of hydrogen ions and water with the assumption that the electrode reactions were taking place both at the tip and on the walls of the crack. The reduction of oxygen in the crack was not included since it was demonstrated in a separate analysis that this reaction is insignificant in a static crack at steady state. The pH and potential drop in the crack have been evaluated as a function of external potential, crack -dimensions, and other parameters assuming a bulk solution of 3.5% ik!aCl. The effect of dissolution and hydrolysis of alloying elements and also the buffer reactions of seawater on the pH within a crack were also assessed, but mass transport by ion migration was neglected in these cases. The theoretical predictions of the potential drop and pH were in reasonable agreement with values determined experimentally in an artificial crevice of the structural steel BS 4360 5OD in 3.5% NaCi and in artificial seawater.The electrochemical conditions within cracks are important in governing the rate of crack propagation in stress corrosion cracking and in corrosion fatigue * Electrochemical Society Active Member. since this will depend on the rate of metal dissolution and/or the rate of production of hydrogen atoms af the crack tip. A problem in characterizing the rates of electrode reactions within a crack is the lack of knowledge of the local solution composition and the electrode potential, which because of the restricted geom-) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 169.230.243.252

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Section: Effect Of Strainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Crack Electrochemistry for Steels in the Active State Based on Mass Transport by Diffusion and Ion Migration

Turnbull

Thomas

1982

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…He considered that the most active atoms are those that vibrate most slowly and that the activation energy varies continuously with the atomic vibrational frequency. Howard and Pyle, 8 in extending Bass's work to surfaces with ledges, or steps, as shown in Fig. 2, concluded that atoms in the step utilize the vibrations in the plane of the terrace surface to become solvated and that contributions to these vibrations are made by one component of the Debye surface waves and the Rayleigh surface waves.…”

Section: Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For annealed metals, the number of steps is so small that their contribution to dissolution is small compared to that of the plane surface. 8 …”

Section: Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental Cracking Of Metals

Revie¹

1994

Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry

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“…Interessant ist hierbei das ganz andersartige Verhalten bei pH 12. Patel[13] hat daraufhin verschiedene Systeme auf ihr Abb. 6.…”

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“…Stromtransientenunter plastischer Wechselverformungim vordersten Zeitfestigkeitsgebiet. Anstieg der anodischen Metall-Auflosungsgeschwindigkeit als Funktion der plastischen Wechseldehnung[13].Stromtransientenverhalten im Bereich um 15 Lastspiele untersucht (vgl. Tab.…”

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Auswirkung von Korrosion und veränderlicher mechanischer Spannung auf das Schwingungsrißverhalten von Bauteilen

Spähn

1980

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Durch SchwingungsriDkorrosion, d. h. durch die Uberlagerung von zeitlich veranderlichen Spannungen und Korrosion, werden, obwohl schon seit etwa 60 Jahren bekannt, noch immer erhebliche Schaden verursacht. Mehr als 10% aller Korrosionsschaden sind z. B. in der chemischen Technik auf diese transkristalline RiBart zuruckzufuhren. Die besonderen Schwierigkeiten bei der Abwehr dieser Werkstoffzerstorung beruhen zum einen in der Vielzahl der GroDen, welche den Festigkeitsruckgang beeinflussen, zum anderen in der Problematik der Ubertragbarkeit von Laborergebnissen auf das Bauteilverhalten. Der Beitrag behandelt den EinfluD von Korrosionsmedium, Grenzlastspielzahl, Bauteildicke, Frequenz, Mittelspannung und RiDwachstums-Charakteristik auf die Festigkeit bei SchwingungsriDkorrosion und gibt Hinweise fur den Konstrukteur, wie entsprechende Daten im Hinblick auf das Bauteilverhalten zu bewerten sind.Effect of corrosion and fluctuating mechanical stress on the fatigue properties of construction units. Considerable damage is still being caused by fatigue corrosion resulting from fluctuating stresses in construction units, even though such a source of damage has been known for more than half a century. More than 10% of the total corrosion damage encountered in chemical engineering stems from this type of

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The dissolution of atoms from steps on a metal surface

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

A Model of Crack Electrochemistry for Steels in the Active State Based on Mass Transport by Diffusion and Ion Migration

A Model of Crack Electrochemistry for Steels in the Active State Based on Mass Transport by Diffusion and Ion Migration

Environmental Cracking Of Metals

Auswirkung von Korrosion und veränderlicher mechanischer Spannung auf das Schwingungsrißverhalten von Bauteilen

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