The distal axis of growth hormone (GH) in nutritional disorders: GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptors in obesity and anorexia nervosa

Hochberg, Zèev; Hertz, Pnina; Colin, V.; Ish‐Shalom, Sophia; Yeshurun, Daniel; Youdim, Moussa B. H.; Amit, Tamar

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(92)90198-j

Cited by 185 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Thus these binding proteins may play an important role in understanding the lower GH values observed in obese individuals (4). This notion is consistent with the observation that obesity is associated with high concentrations of GHBP (20). In normal-weight individuals, GHBP is positively correlated with body fat percentage and intra-abdominal visceral fat (14).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Thomas

Kraemer

Kennett

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The present study was designed to examine the effects of a highvolume, whole body acute resistance exercise (RE) protocol on immunoreactive GH (iGH), bioactive GH (bGH), and GH-binding protein (GHBP) in sedentary lean and obese men. Nine obese (mean Ϯ SD: 20.8 Ϯ 2.1 yr old, 177.0 Ϯ 4.1 cm height, 108.7 Ϯ 15.9 kg body mass, 37.6 Ϯ 5.29% body fat) and nine lean (20.1 Ϯ 2.1 yr old, 177.8 Ϯ 8.7 cm height, 71.7 Ϯ 5.8 kg body mass, 14.7 Ϯ 3.54% body fat) men completed an acute RE protocol (6 exercises, 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85-95% of 10 repetitions maximum with 120-and 90-s rest periods), and blood samples were collected before, at the midpoint, and immediately after exercise and during recovery (ϩ50, ϩ70, and ϩ110). In contrast to prior studies, which examined acute responses to cardiovascular exercise protocols, groups did not differ in iGH response to the exercise stimulus. However, bGH concentrations overall were significantly lower in the obese than the lean participants (P Ͻ 0.001). Additionally, obese individuals had significantly higher GHBP concentrations (P Ͻ 0.001). Results suggest that obese and lean sedentary men performing a high-volume, whole body acute RE protocol demonstrate similar increases in iGH. Blunted bGH and elevated GHBP concentrations are indicative of altered GH activity associated with obesity. Prior research findings of blunted iGH response may be attributable to RE protocols not equated on relative intensity or volume. These results underscore the complexity of pituitary biology and its related mechanisms and may have implications for exercise prescription in the treatment of obesity.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Thomas

Kraemer

Kennett

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…30 GHBP is identical in structure to the extracellular domain of the GH receptor. 31,32 Low GHBP has been detected in anorexia nervosa and high GHBP is seen in obesity, 33,34 a phenomena also seen in our obese patients whose GHBP concentrations decreased with the decrease in BFM. In NSC where the effect of GH on BFM was minor, an increase in GHBP was noted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Interrelationship between insulin, leptin and growth hormone in growth hormone-treated children

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to examine insulin homeostasis during growth hormone (GH) therapy, and to investigate the effect of GH treatment on insulin and leptin concentration in obese children. SUBJECTS: Nineteen obese children (8 with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS)) were treated with GH 0.1 IUakgaday dose for 3 months and were compared with 29 non-treated age and sex matched obese children (9 PWS) and 49 GH treated non-obese short children. Mean age of the children was 10.3 AE 1.8 (6.7 ± 13.8) y, with body mass index of 23.6 AE 10.4 (11.5 ± 47) kgam 2 . RESULTS: Leptin concentration decreased and was correlated inversely with initial leptin value (r 2 À0.374, P`0.001) and decreased body mass (r 2 0.338, P 0.001). Insulin sensitivity index was not signi®cantly changed during therapy. Leptin decrease after 3 months of GH administration was correlated inversely with the increase in ®rst phase insulin response to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) (r 2 À0.595, P`0.001). Results of long-term follow-up of treated patients demonstrated a decrease in insulin concentration after cessation of therapy. In GH-treated subjects, the glucose increase in response to glucose load appeared to be higher than in untreated subjects. CONCLUSION: The high insulin response to glucose load seen in GH-treated subjects was appropriate to their glucose concentration and the insulin sensitivity index was unchanged relative to the pretreatment period. Increased insulin dosage in our patients did not induce an increase in leptin concentrations as had been hypothesised.

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“…30 In addition, a decreased binding of IGF-I to its receptor has been reported, 19 and thus obesity is characterized by increased sensitivity to GH as well as resistance to IGF-I. 29 Hypoactivity of IGF-I, as observed in patients with GH deficiency, causes metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol associated with accumulation of visceral adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between reduced serum IGF-I levels and accumulation of visceral fat in Japanese men

et al. 2002

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OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether the changes in IGF-I concentrations after weight reduction in Japanese overweight men are associated with changes in visceral and subcutaneous fat. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical intervention study with exercise education. SUBJECTS: One-hundred and twelve Japanese overweight men aged 30 -59 y (body mass index (BMI) 28.4 AE 2.5 kg=m 2 ) and 33 normal-weight men aged 30 -39 y (BMI 22.1 AE 1.5 kg=m 2 ) at baseline. From the participants, 56 randomly selected overweight men (BMI 28.8 AE 2.8) were further enrolled into a 1 y exercise program. MEASUREMENTS: Fat distribution was evaluated by visceral fat (V) and subcutaneous fat (S) areas measured with computed tomography scanning at umbilical levels, metabolic parameters and hormones including insulin, leptin and IGF-I at baseline and after 1 y. RESULTS: In 112 overweight subjects at baseline, insulin (10.5 AE 5.0 mU=ml) and leptin (6.4 AE 3.7 ng=ml) significantly correlated with both V (r ¼ 0.260, P ¼ 0.0073; r ¼ 0.410, P < 0.0001) and S areas (r ¼ 0.377, P < 0.0001; r ¼ 0.613, P < 0.0001), respectively. IGF-I (156.8 AE 48.7 mU=ml) significantly and negatively correlated with V area (r ¼ 7 0.242, P ¼ 0.0125) and age (r ¼ 7 0.192, P ¼ 0.0480). In normal-weight men aged 30 -39 y (n ¼ 33) and age-matched subjects (n ¼ 30) selected from the 112 overweight men, the serum IGF-I further tightly correlated with V area (r ¼ 7 0.467, P < 0.0001). Visceral fat area and age were independently related to serum IGF-I levels by multiple regression analysis. By intervention with exercise education, 56 overweight subjects showed an increase in daily steps (6224 AE 2781 to 7898 AE 4141 steps=day) and reduction of BMI (28.8 AE 2.8 to 27.7 AE 2.9). DIGF-I significantly correlated with DV area (r ¼ 7 0.432, P ¼ 0.0009) but not with DS area or DBMI. CONCLUSION: The present study indicated a negative correlation between IGF-I levels and visceral fat at baseline as well as an association between the reduction in visceral fat and increase in IGF-I levels after an exercise intervention.

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The distal axis of growth hormone (GH) in nutritional disorders: GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I receptors in obesity and anorexia nervosa

Cited by 185 publications

References 50 publications

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Immunoreactive and bioactive growth hormone responses to resistance exercise in men who are lean or obese

Interrelationship between insulin, leptin and growth hormone in growth hormone-treated children

Relationship between reduced serum IGF-I levels and accumulation of visceral fat in Japanese men

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