“…attempts by empiricist guardians to identify a form of adjudication that is somehow elevated beyond the historian's 'discursive networks' (Pihlainen, 2016a, pp150-152). Whether labelled as 'mediating levels of reason' (Fulbrook, 2002), 'rational warrant' (Kuukkanen, 2015), 'determined inference' (Ahlskog, 2018), or simply 'common sense' and experience, the aim is to distinguish (and privilege) academic scholarship as less subjective, and therefore, more 'truth-full', than other forms of historying (Pihlainen, 2016b). However, although the desire for realist foundations is understandable, Alun Munslow (2014, p571) is correct to claim that historians are being deceptive and irresponsible when continuing to insist that they can be perspectival and yet somehow, through mechanisms of adjudicatory reasoning, remain nonpartisan.…”