The Distribution and Concentration levels of Trace Metals in Water and Sediments of Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Mwamburi, Job; Oloo, Frederick Nathan

doi:10.4314/ajthf.v7i1.1381

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Cr concentrations recorded in the silt and clay sediment fraction during this study appear to be lower (overall mean of 22.11 g/g), when compared ( = 0.020, 1,18 = 22.787, = 0.05) to concentrations found in 1994/5 study by Mwamburi and Oloo [62]. The mean chromium concentration in the same sediment fraction ranged from 28.6 g/g to 85.7 g/g, with much lower dissolved and total concentrations in lake water.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…For lake and river bottom sediments, the following values were obtained: Nyanza Gulf (sediments: 0.42 ± 0.05 to 1.12 ± 0.11 mg/kg) [19,20]; Winam Gulf (21.0 ± 0.70 mg/kg [18]; nd to 0.275 ppm) [22]; L. Kanyaboli (lake, 3.7 to 7.73 g/g) [23]; inflowing rivers of Nyanza Gulf (2.92 to 5.36 g/g) [24]; Nyanza Gulf and inflowing rivers (rivers = nd to 125 mg/kg; lake = nd to 85.7 mg/kg) [62,108,109] …”

Section: Lake and River Bottom Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Mwamburi

2016

Journal of Waste Management

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Surficial sediments collected from the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria (East Africa) were used to determine spatial concentrations of Cr and determine differences in contents of the unfractioned (whole sediment) and the finer grain size sediments, establishing any changes in Cr enrichment and potential ecological risks using sediment quality guidelines. A single pollution index was also used to evaluate level of Cr contamination. The spatial mean Cr contents in the <63 m (silt-clay) fraction were found to be significantly lower than those in the unfractioned sediments, but with a strong linear positive correlation. The study results show decreasing spatial amounts of Cr in surficial sediments of the Nyanza Gulf, when compared to a study done 20 years earlier. However, the 95% confidence limits of the overall mean Cr in unfractioned sediments exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC), indicating the potential for Cr remobilization from sediments. In general the sediment enrichment is evidence of possible dominance of lithogenous sources of Cr in the surface lake sediments, with potential anthropogenic sources from the drainage system and nearshore urban areas. The sediments are unpolluted with respect to geoaccumulation index, and sediment enrichment factors suggest a minor to moderate enrichment of Cr in surficial sediments of three sites around the Nyanza Gulf zones and around the river mouth in the main lake.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Lake and River Bottom Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Mwamburi

2016

Journal of Waste Management

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“…the textile mill and the breweries, which were in operation at that time but have now been out of operation for more than 10 years. There has also been a waterweed known as water (1996), Neubauer and Wolf (2004), KEBS (1996) Onyari (1985), Onyari and Wandiga (1989), Mwamburi and Oloo (1997) nr, not reported; nd, below detection limit Bull Environ Contam Toxicol (2009) 82:64-69 67 hyacinth that is threatening to fill up the Winam Gulf surface. This weed is prevalent in the car wash area and could be bio-concentrating the heavy metals from the lake water and reducing their concentrations in the water.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past studies show that samples of water, sediment and biota from Lake Victoria have high levels of heavy metals (Ochieng 1987;Onyari and Wandiga 1989;Mpendazoe et al 1993;Harnza 1996;Mwamburi and Oloo 1997). Because of the large size of the lake, diverse anthropogenic activities and geochemical processes could cause major variations in heavy metal levels in its various parts.…”

Section: Winam Gulfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Toxic Metals in Multisectoral Samples from Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria

David

Lalah

Wandiga

et al. 2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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In this study, the distribution and sources of inputs of trace metals including Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb from various sources as well as Fe which is widely used in the construction industry, into Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria were investigated. The sampling sites were located up streams and down streams of four rivers (Sio, Nyamasaria, Nyando and Sondu-Miriu), in four beaches along the lake (Port Victoria, Kisumu Car Wash, Dunga and Hippo point beaches) and in three estates (Nyamasaria, Migosi and Nyawita) in Kisumu city, covering potential agrochemical and industrial sources and drinking water points, respectively. The concentrations (in microg/L) of trace metals analysed in the lake and river waters ranged from <1.79 (Cd), <3.83 (Pb), <1.53-3.86 (Cu), 4.37-11.6 (Zn), 11.8-2,440 (Fe). The sediment concentrations (in microg/kg x 10(3)) ranged from 0.19 to 1.91 (Cd), 6.86-138 (Pb), 18-100 (Cu), 36.2-443 (Zn) and 960-73,200 (Fe), with highest concentrations of all metals being recorded at Kisumu Car Wash area. The study confirmed that the concentrations of the metals accumulate downstream in the rivers both in water and sediment and these rivers are major sources of the heavy metal load into Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria.

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“…In addition, it is believed that there is need for continuous monitoring of trace metals as part of studies aimed at identifying variables which play vital roles in the reproductive biology and biodiversity of lake Victoria (Mwamburi and Oloo 1995). Determining the total concentrations of heavy metals in rivers discharging into the lake can help in identifying sources of toxic metal inputs into the lake and the impact of catchment land use pattern on the lake.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Heavy Metal Input Into Winam Gulf, Kenya

Lalah

Ochieng

Wandiga

2008

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Water and surface sediment from rivers Kisat, Nyamasaria, Nyando, Sondu-Miriu, Kuja, Awach, Yala, and Nzoia, which flow into Winam Gulf, were analyzed for heavy metals in order to assess the influence of the catchment activities on heavy metal input into the lake. Sampling was done both upstream and at river mouths where the rivers entered in to the lake. The mean sediment concentration of exchangeable cations (in microg/g) for Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn ranged from 0.01 to 263 (for Mn at Kuja). Ag, Cr, and Cd were poorly leachable with 0.1 MHCl but the other cations were found to be fairly exchangeable. Most exchangeable cations in sediment ranged between 2% and 20% of the total heavy metal content obtained by digestion with strong acid. The mean total dissolved metal (0.45 microm filter cut-off) and mean total sediment concentrations ranged from nd-16 (Ag), nd-8 (Cd), nd-23.3 (Co), nd-50 (Cr), 5-157.5 (Cu), 50-3276 (Mn), nd-54.1 (Ni), 7-93.6 (Pb), 25-219.5 (Zn) in microg/L and from nd-8.34 (Ag), 0.48-1.75 (Co), nd-1.78 (Cd), 2.92-5.36 (Cr), 3.90-150.2 (Cu), 133.5-7237 (Mn), 4.33-42.29 (Ni), 3.09-66.06 (Pb), 23.39-7.83 (Sn) and 23.39-350.8 (Zn) in microg/g dry weight, respectively. The rivers analyzed were found to be non-polluted in terms of sediment loads except river Kisat which was found to be polluted because of elevated levels of Pb, Mn, Cu, and Zn. Nyamasaria and Nyando were also found to have higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, and Zn than those reported previously in the lake sediment. The dissolved metal concentrations were acceptable by WHO maximum limits in drinking water except Mn which was above WHO limit in Kisat, Nyando, and Nyamasaria waters. Enrichment of Cd and Pb was found in all the river sediment samples with factors ranging from 2.12 at Kisat river mouth to 4.41 at Awach (for Cd) and from 1.49 (at Kisat river mouth) to 2.38 (at Nyando river mouth).

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The Distribution and Concentration levels of Trace Metals in Water and Sediments of Lake Victoria, Kenya.

Abstract: This study presents results of initial monitoring of concentrations of AI, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu and Cd in water and sediment samples from Lake Victoria (Kenya).

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Chromium Distribution and Spatial Variations in the Finer Sediment Grain Size Fraction and Unfractioned Surficial Sediments on Nyanza Gulf, of Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Levels of Toxic Metals in Multisectoral Samples from Winam Gulf of Lake Victoria

Sources of Heavy Metal Input Into Winam Gulf, Kenya

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