The Distribution and Dynamics of Rickettsia in the Tick Population of Ohio

Pretzman, Charles I.; Daugherty, N.; Poetter, Karl; Ralph, Daniel

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb42224.x

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This host-specificity was maintained at the seven localities where both tick species occurred in sympatry. These findings are consistent with the results of studies conducted in the United States, where R. peacockii has been reported only for D. andersoni (7,19) and R. montanensis only for D. variabilis (1,2,12,21). Philip and Casper (20) reported R. montanensis for D. andersoni from the western side of Bitterroot Valley (Montana), based on serotyping of rickettsiae from ticks.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence ofRickettsiaSpecies in Canadian Populations ofDermacentor andersoniandD. variabilis

Dergousoff

Gajadhar

Chilton

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Prevalence ofRickettsiaSpecies in Canadian Populations ofDermacentor andersoniandD. variabilis

Dergousoff

Gajadhar

Chilton

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…This may be because the southern-most counties in Ohio are somewhat further north than the southern-most Indiana counties or because A. americanum is a more recent invader in Ohio. Although specimens of A. americanum were sometimes encountered in Ohio during the 1980s, they were widely and randomly distributed throughout the state and viewed as temporary residents, only arriving on migratory birds, interstate travelers, or their pets (Pretzman et al 1990, R. L. Berry, personal communication). It was not until 1993 that A. americanum larvae were found in Jackson County, OH, indicating the presence of an established population (R. M. Berry, personal communication).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Distribution ofEhrlichia chaffeensis(Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) inAmblyomma americanumin Southern Indiana and Prevalence ofE. chaffeensis-Reactive Antibodies in White-Tailed Deer in Indiana and Ohio in 1998

et al. 2000

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To continue monitoring the prevalence and distribution of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) in southern Indiana, a total of 498 Amblyomma americanum (L.) ticks (262 adults and 292 nymphs) was collected from five southern Indiana counties during May and June 1998. Ticks were pooled and examined for the presence of E. chaffeensis using nested polymerase chain reaction and primers specific for the 16S rRNA gene of E. chaffeensis. The average minimum infection rate for adult ticks collected in 1998 was 3.8% (ranging from 0 to 7.7% in various counties) as compared with previous average minimum infection rates of 1.6% in 1995 and 4.9% in 1997. None of the pools of A. americanum nymphs tested positive. In addition, blood samples were collected from 325 white-tailed deer taken in Indiana and 327 taken in Ohio in November 1998. Serum samples were tested for the presence of E. chaffeensis-like organisms reactive to antibodies using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Antibodies were found in deer from six Indiana counties where infection rates ranged from 42.6 to 66.7% and in four Ohio countries where infection rates ranged from 4.4 to 25%. The results of this study reconfirm that E. chaffeensis is well established in southern Indiana and also provide the first evidence of E. chaffeensis-like organisms infecting white-tailed deer in Ohio, suggesting the need to survey Ohio ticks for the presence of Ehrlichia.

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“…When care is taken to differentiate between different rickettsial forms, R. bellii is often found to be the most prevalent rickettsial species observed in ticks in North America (24). It has not yet been reported from Palearctic sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral Divergence of Rickettsia bellii from the Spotted Fever and Typhus Groups of Rickettsia and Antiquity of the Genus Rickettsia

Stothard

Clark

Fuerst

1994

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The eubacterial genus Rickettsia belongs to the cu subgroup of the phylum Proteobacteriu. This genus is usually divided into three biotypes on the basis of vector host and antigenic cross-reactivity characteristics. However, the species Rickettsia bellii does not fit into this classification scheme; this organism has characteristics common to both the spotted fever group and the typhus group biotypes and also exhibits some unique features. Sequences of the 16s rRNA and 23s rRNA genes from Rickettsia rickettsii (spotted fever group), Rickettsia prowazekii (typhus group), and R. bellii were studied to determine the position of R. bellii in the rickettsia1 classification scheme. The 23s rRNA gene sequences described in this paper are the first 23s rRNA sequences reported for any member of the Rickettsiuceue. The 23s rRNA gene contains substantially more phylogenetic information than is contained in the 16s rRNA sequences, and the 23s rRNA gene sequence has diverged about 1.9 times faster in the three Rickettsia species which we studied. Taken together, the molecular data obtained from the two genes indicate that R. bellii is not a member of either the spotted fever group or the typhus group; rather, this organism appears to be the product of a divergence which predates the separation of the genus into the spotted fever group and the typhus group. Consequently, different combinations of the ancestral characteristics retained by R. bellii have been retained in the more derived lineages of the genus. A comparison of the 16s rRNA and 23s rRNA gene sequences of Rickettsia strains with other proteobacterial sequences confirmed that the genus Rickettsia is a unique deeply branching member of the cu subgroup of the Proteobacteria and that the Rickettsia species form a monophyletic cluster. While divergence of the contemporary members of the genus Rickettsia occurred recently, the unique evolutionary line represented by this genus appears to be very old.Rickettsia strains are small, gram-negative bacteria that are intimately associated with eukaryotic cells and are members of a diverse family, the Rickettsiaceae, which also includes other intracellular organisms, including the genera Ehrlichia, Wolbachia, Anaplasma, and Cowdria (4,36). Rickettsiae have natural arthropod hosts (either ticks, mites, or insects) and can be pathogenic for humans and other vertebrates. The obligately intracellular lifestyle and fastidious nature of these organisms have made them difficult to study. A number of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics indicate that the Rickettsia species are closely related, and this genus is now recognized as the sole member of a branch of the cx subgroup Proteobacteriu (8) on the basis of 16s rRNA cataloging and partial 16s rRNA gene sequence data (34).The genus Rickettsia is divided into three biotypes on the basis of immunological cross-reactivity and ecological characteristics (36). Rickettsia species are placed into the spotted fever group (SFG), the typhus group (TG), or the scrub typhus group on the basis...

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The Distribution and Dynamics of Rickettsia in the Tick Population of Ohio

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence ofRickettsiaSpecies in Canadian Populations ofDermacentor andersoniandD. variabilis

Prevalence ofRickettsiaSpecies in Canadian Populations ofDermacentor andersoniandD. variabilis

Distribution ofEhrlichia chaffeensis(Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaeceae) inAmblyomma americanumin Southern Indiana and Prevalence ofE. chaffeensis-Reactive Antibodies in White-Tailed Deer in Indiana and Ohio in 1998

Ancestral Divergence of Rickettsia bellii from the Spotted Fever and Typhus Groups of Rickettsia and Antiquity of the Genus Rickettsia

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